Editing Gaafar Nimeiry (section)

{{Short description|President of Sudan from 1969 to 1985}}
{{About|the Sudanese politician|the Malay politician|Jaafar Muhammad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[Field Marshal]]
| name                = Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry
| image               = Jafaar Nimiry in 1974.jpg
| caption             = Nimeiry in 1974
| order1              = Chairman of the [[National Revolutionary Command Council (Sudan)|National Revolutionary Command Council]]
| term_start1         = 25 May 1969
| term_end1           = 12 October 1971
| deputy1             = [[Babiker Awadalla]]
| predecessor1        = [[Ismail al-Azhari]] (President)
| successor1          = Himself (President)
| order2              = 2nd [[President of Sudan]]
| term_start2         = 12 October 1971
| term_end2           = 6 April 1985
| vicepresident2      = {{tree list}}
*[[Vice President of Sudan|First Vice Presidents]]
**[[Abel Alier]]
**[[Mohamed Al-Baghir Ahmed]]
**[[Abu el-Qassim Mohamad Ibrahim]]
**[[Abdul Majid Hamid Khalil]]
**[[Omar Muhammad al-Tayib]]
{{tree list/end}}
| predecessor2        = Himself as the chairman of the [[National Revolutionary Command Council (Sudan)|National Revolutionary Command Council]]
| successor2          = {{nowrap|[[Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab]]}}
| order3              = 8th [[Prime Minister of Sudan]]
| term_start3         = 28 October 1969
| term_end3           = 11 August 1976
| president3          = Himself
| predecessor3        = [[Babiker Awadalla]]
| successor3          = [[Rashid Bakr (politician)|Rashid Bakr]]
| order4              = 
| term_start4         = 10 September 1977
| term_end4           = 6 April 1985
| president4          = Himself
| predecessor4        = [[Rashid Bakr (politician)|Rashid Bakr]]
| successor4          = [[Al-Jazuli Daf'allah]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1930|1|1|df=y}}
| birth_place         = Wad Nubawi, [[Omdurman]], [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2009|5|30|1930|1|1|df=y}}
| death_place         = Omdurman, [[Sudan]]
| party               = *[[Sudanese Socialist Union]] <small> (while in power)</small><ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sd0137) ''Sudan: A Country Study''] "Role in Government" United States Library of Congress. Accessed on 10 September 2007.</ref>
*Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces<small> (after return from exile, merged with [[National Congress Party (Sudan)|NCP]] but the [[Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union]] was established in 2008 as the successor party)</small>
| serviceyears        = 1952–1985
| allegiance          = {{flag|Sudan}}
| rank                = [[File:Sudan Army - OF10.svg|20px]] [[Field Marshal]]
| native_name_lang    = ar
| native_name         = {{nobold|جعفر محمد النميري}}
| battles             = [[First Sudanese Civil War]]<br />[[Second Sudanese Civil War]]
}}

'''Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry''' (otherwise spelled in English as '''Gaafar Nimeiry''', '''Jaafar Nimeiry''', or '''Ja'far Muhammad Numayri'''; {{langx|ar|جعفر محمد النميري}}; 1 January 1930<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mod.gov.sd/portal/component/content/article/79-%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/1271-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A.html |title=المشير. جعفر محمد نميري |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205142433/http://mod.gov.sd/portal/component/content/article/79-%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/1271-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A.html |archive-date=5 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&q=Gaafar+Nimeiry+1930&pg=PA710|title = Heads of States and Governments Since 1945|isbn = 9781134264902|last1 = Lentz|first1 = Harris M.|date = 4 February 2014| publisher=Routledge }}</ref>{{spaced ndash}}30 May 2009<ref name=nyt/>) was a Sudanese military officer and politician who served as the fourth [[president of Sudan|head of state of Sudan]] from 1969 to 1985, first as Chairman of the [[National Revolutionary Command Council (Sudan)|National Revolutionary Command Council]] and then as President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-01 |title=Gaafar al-Nimeiry |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/5431188/Gaafar-al-Nimeiry.html |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref>

A military officer, he came to power after a [[1969 Sudanese coup d'état|military coup in 1969]]. Establishing a [[one-party state]], with his [[Sudanese Socialist Union]] as the sole legal political entity in the country, Nimeiry pursued [[socialist]] and [[Pan-Arabism|Pan-Arabist]] policies and close collaboration with [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] of [[Egypt]] and [[Muammar Gaddafi]] of [[Libya]]. In 1971 Nimeiry [[1971 Sudanese coup d'état|survived a pro-Soviet coup attempt]], after which he forged an alliance with [[Mao Zedong]] of [[China]], and, eventually, with the [[United States]] as well.<ref name=nyt/>

In 1972 he signed the [[Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)|Addis Ababa Agreement]], ending the [[First Sudanese Civil War]]. In his last years in power he also adopted aspects of [[Islamism]], and in 1983 he imposed [[sharia]] law throughout the country, precipitating the [[Second Sudanese Civil War]]. He was [[1985 Sudanese coup d'état|ousted from power]] in 1985 and went into exile in Egypt. He returned in 1999 and unsuccessfully ran in the [[2000 Sudanese general election|presidential elections in 2000]].