Editing Gabriel Narutowicz (section)

{{short description|Polish academic and first President of Poland (1865–1922)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Gabriel Narutowicz
| image               = Portret Narutowicz (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Narutowicz in 1915
| order               = [[President of Poland]]
| term_start          = 11 December 1922
| term_end            = 16 December 1922
| primeminister       = [[Julian Nowak]]
| predecessor         = [[Józef Piłsudski]] (as Chief of State)
| successor           = [[Stanisław Wojciechowski]]<br /><small>[[Maciej Rataj]] (acting)</small>
| order2              = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| term_start2         = 28 June 1922
| term_end2           = 14 December 1922
| primeminister2      = [[Artur Śliwiński]]<br />[[Julian Nowak]]
| predecessor2        = [[Konstanty Skirmunt]]
| successor2          = [[Aleksander Skrzyński]]
| office3             = Minister of Public Works
| term_start3         = 28 June 1920
| term_end3           = 6 June 1922
| primeminister3      = [[Władysław Grabski]] <br> [[Wincenty Witos]] <br> [[Antoni Ponikowski]]
| predecessor3        = Andrzej Kędzior
| successor3          = Władysław Ziemiński
| birth_name          = Gabriel Józef Narutowicz
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1865|3|29|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Telšiai]], [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Lithuania]])
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1922|12|16|1865|3|17|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Warsaw]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
| death_cause         = [[Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz|Assassination]]
| education           = [[ETH Zurich]]
| party               = [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br /><small>(supported by the [[Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"]])</small>
| spouse              = Ewa Krzyżanowska
| children            = Stanisław, Anna
| profession          = {{hlist|Engineer|Politician|Statesman|Diplomat}}
| honorific_prefix    = 
| honorific_suffix    = 
}}
{{Agrarianism in Poland |Politicians}}
'''Gabriel Józef Narutowicz''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈɡabrjɛl naruˈtɔvit͡ʂ|lang}}; 29 March 1865 – 16 December 1922)<!--full dates in infobox, per MOS--> was a [[Polish people|Polish]] professor of [[hydroelectric]] [[engineering]] and [[politician]] who served as the first [[president of Poland]] from 11 December 1922 until [[Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz|his assassination]], five days after assuming office. He previously served as the [[Minister of Public Works|minister of public works]] from 1920 to 1922 and briefly as the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Poland)|minister of foreign affairs]] in 1922. A [[Independent politician|non-partisan]] and an engineer by profession, Narutowicz was the first elected [[head of state]] following Poland's regained sovereignty from [[Partitions of Poland|partitioning powers]].

Born into a noble family with the strong patriotic sentiment, Narutowicz studied at the [[Saint Petersburg Imperial University]] before relocating to [[Zurich Polytechnic]] and completing his studies in [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/gabriel-narutowicz |title=Gabriel Narutowicz. |access-date=2018-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920104512/https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/gabriel-narutowicz |archive-date=2019-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An engineer by profession, he was a pioneer of [[electrification]] and his works were presented at exhibitions across Western Europe. Narutowicz also directed the construction of the first European hydroelectric power plants in [[Monthey]], [[Mühleberg]] and [[Andelsbuch]]. In 1907, he was nominated a professor of hydroelectric and water engineering in Zurich, and was subsequently assigned to maintaining the [[Rhine]]. In September 1919, Narutowicz was invited by the Polish authorities to work on reconstruction projects in the aftermath of [[World War I]]. On 23 June 1920, Narutowicz became the minister of public works in [[Władysław Grabski]]’s government. Following his successful conduct of the Polish delegation at the [[Genoa Conference (1922)|Genoa Conference]], on 28 June 1922 he became the minister of foreign affairs in [[Artur Śliwiński]]’s cabinet.

During the [[1922 Polish presidential elections|1922 presidential election]], Narutowicz was supported by a centre-left coalition of the [[Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"]], [[Polish Socialist Party|Socialist Party]], and [[Bloc of National Minorities]], but was opposed by the conservative [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democrats]]. Ultranationalists and [[Catholic Integralism|Catholic Integralists]] attacked him for his defence of the rights of [[History of the Jews in Poland|Polish Jews]]. After five rounds of voting, Narutowicz defeated the National Democratic candidate, [[Maurycy Zamoyski]], becoming the first [[President of Poland]]. After only five days in office, he was assassinated by a mentally disturbed artist, [[Eligiusz Niewiadomski]], while viewing paintings at the [[Zachęta|Zachęta Art Gallery]].<ref>[https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Narutowicz-Gabriel;3945908.html Narutowicz Gabriel at Encyclopaedia PWN.]</ref> His funeral, attended by almost 500,000 people, was simultaneously a manifestation of peace which diminished the power of the far-right movement in the upcoming years.
Narutowicz was a non-practicing Catholic and an active [[Freemason]]; he participated in rituals throughout the whole country.