Editing Gallo language (section)

{{short description|Regional language of France}}
{{distinguish|Gallong language}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand French|Gallo|fa=yes|date=May 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2008}}
}}

{{Infobox language
| name          = Gallo
| altname       = Western Armorican
| nativename    = {{lang|fr|galo}} <!-- -gallo -->
| pronunciation = 
| region        = [[Upper Brittany]]
| states        = [[France]]
| speakers      = 191,000
| date          = 2012
| ref           = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bretagne.bzh/jcms/prod_435654/fr/enquete-socio-linguistique-qui-parle-les-langues-de-bretagne-aujourd-hui?lg=fr|title=Enquête socio-linguistique : qui parle les langues de Bretagne aujourd'hui ?|date=8 October 2018|website=Région Bretagne|language=fr|trans-title=Socio-linguistic survey: who speaks the languages of Brittany today?|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-date=6 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006235402/http://www.bretagne.bzh/jcms/prod_435654/fr/enquete-socio-linguistique-qui-parle-les-langues-de-bretagne-aujourd-hui?lg=fr|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| familycolor   = Indo-European
| fam2          = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
| fam3          = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
| fam4          = [[Latin]]ic
| fam5          = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
| fam6          = [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]]
| fam7          = [[Western Romance languages|Western]]
| fam8          = [[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo]]-[[Iberian Romance languages|Iberian]]<ref name="glottoGI">{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/shif1234 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Shifted Western Romance |date=2022-05-24 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127113834/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/shif1234 |archive-date=2023-11-27 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}</ref>
| fam9          = [[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance]]
| fam10         = Gallo-Rhaetian?<ref name="glottoGI"/>
| fam11         = [[Franco-Provençal|Arpitan]]–[[Langues d'oïl|Oïl]]
| fam12         = [[Langues d'oïl|Oïl]]
| fam13         = [[Langues d'oïl#Armorican zone (zone armoricaine)|Armorican zone]]
| ancestor      = [[Old Latin]]
| ancestor2     = [[Vulgar Latin]]
| ancestor3     = [[Proto-Romance language|Proto-Romance]]
| ancestor4     = [[Old Gallo-Romance language|Old Gallo-Romance]]
| ancestor5     = [[Old French]]
| minority      = [[France]]
*[[Brittany (administrative region)|Brittany]]
*[[Loire-Atlantique]], [[Pays de la Loire]]
| glotto        = gall1275
| glottorefname = Gallo
| lingua        = 51-AAA-hb
| ietf          = fr-gallo
| map           = Pays Gallo.svg
| mapcaption    = The historical Gallo language area of [[Upper Brittany]]
| map2          = Lang Status 40-SE.svg
| mapcaption2   = {{center|Gallo is classified as Severely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''<ref>{{cite UNESCO Atlas}}</ref>}}
}}

'''Gallo''' ([[endonym]]: ''Galo''; {{Langx|fr|langue gallèse}}) is a [[languages of France|regional language]] of eastern [[Brittany]]. It is one of the [[langues d'oïl]], a [[Romance language|Romance]] sub-family that includes [[French language|French]]. Today it is spoken only by a minority of the population, as the standard form of French now predominates in this area.

Gallo was originally spoken in the [[Marches of Neustria]], an area now corresponding to the border lands between Brittany, [[Normandy]], and [[Maine (province)|Maine]]. Gallo was a shared spoken language among many of those who took part in the [[Norman conquest of England]], most of whom originated in [[Upper Brittany|Upper (i.e. eastern) Brittany]] and [[Lower Normandy|Lower (i.e. western) Normandy]], and thus had its part, together with the much bigger role played by the [[Norman language]], in the development of the [[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] variety of French which would have such a strong influence on English.

Gallo continued as the everyday language of Upper Brittany, Maine, and some neighbouring portions of Normandy until the introduction of universal education across France, but is spoken today by only a small (and aging) minority of the population, having been almost entirely superseded by standard French.

As a ''langue d'oïl'', Gallo forms part of a [[dialect continuum]] which includes Norman, [[Picard language|Picard]], and the [[Poitevin dialect]] among others. One of the features that distinguish it from Norman is the absence of [[Old Norse]] influence. There is some limited [[mutual intelligibility]] with adjacent varieties of the Norman language along the linguistic frontier and with [[Guernésiais]] and [[Jèrriais]]. However, as the dialect continuum shades towards [[Mayenne|Mayennais]], there is a less clear [[isogloss]]. The clearest linguistic border is that distinguishing Gallo from [[Breton language|Breton]], a [[Brittonic languages|Brittonic Celtic language]] traditionally spoken in the western territory of Brittany.

In the west, the vocabulary of Gallo has been influenced by contact with Breton, but remains overwhelmingly Latinate. The influence of Breton decreases eastwards across Gallo-speaking territory.

{{as of|1980}}, Gallo's western extent stretches from [[Plouha]] (''Plóha''), in [[Côtes-d'Armor]], south of [[Paimpol]], passing through [[Châtelaudren]] (''Châtié''), [[Corlay]] (''Corlaè''), [[Loudéac]] (''Loudia''), east of [[Pontivy]], [[Locminé]] (''Lominoec''), [[Vannes]], and ending in the south, east of the Rhuys peninsula, in [[Morbihan]].