Editing Gascon dialect (section)

{{Short description|Occitan dialect spoken in France and Spain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=April 2021}}
{{original research|date=April 2023}}
}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Gascon
| nativename       = {{lang|oc|gascon}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|oc|ɡasˈku(ŋ)|}}
| states           = [[France]]<br/>[[Spain]]
| region           = [[Gascony]]
| ref              = {{citation needed|date=July 2013}}
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
| fam3             = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
| fam4             = [[Latin]]
| fam5             = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
| fam6             = [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]]
| fam7             = [[Western Romance languages|Western Romance]]
| fam8             = [[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance]]
| fam9             = [[Occitano-Romance languages|Occitano-Romance]]
| fam10             = [[Occitan language|Occitan]]
| nation           = [[Spain]]
*[[Catalonia]] (as [[Aranese dialect|Aranese]])
| minority         = [[France]]
*[[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
*[[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitania]]
| map              = Zone extension gascon.png
| mapcaption       = Gascon speaking area
| dialects         = ''[[Gascon_dialect#Gascon_varieties|see below]]''
| isoexception     = dialect
| iso1             =
| iso2             = 
| iso3             = gsc
| iso3comment      = retired and subsumed into [[iso639-3:oci|{{code|oci}}]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/gsc|title=639 Identifier Documentation: gsc|publisher=[[SIL International]]}}</ref>
| ietf             = {{Wikidata|property|references|P305}}
| glotto           = gasc1240
| glottorefname    = Gascon
| notice           = IPA
| map2              = Lang Status 60-DE.svg
| mapcaption2       = {{center|{{small|Gascon is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'' (2010)}}}}
}}

'''Gascon''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|ɡ|æ|s|k|ən}} {{respell|GASK|ən}}, {{IPA|oc|ɡasˈku(ŋ)|label=Gascon:}}, {{IPA|fr|ɡaskɔ̃|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Roptat-gascon.wav}}) is the vernacular [[Romance languages|Romance]] variety spoken mainly in the region of [[Gascony]], [[France]]. It is often considered a [[variety (linguistics)|variety]] of larger [[Occitan language|Occitan]] [[macrolanguage]], although some authors consider it a separate language due to hindered [[mutual intelligibility]] criteria.<ref name="Rohlfs">Cf. [[Gerhard Rohlfs|Rohlfs, Gerhard]]. 1970. ''Le Gascon. Études de philologie pyrénéenne'', 2e éd. Tubingen, Max Niemeyer, & Pau, Marrimpouey jeune.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chambon |first1=Jean-Pierre |last2=Greub |first2=Yan |year=2002 |title=Note sur l'âge du (proto)gascon |journal=Revue de Linguistique Romane |language=fr |volume=66 |pages=473–495}}</ref><ref>Stephan Koppelberg, El lèxic hereditari caracteristic de l'occità i del gascó i la seva relació amb el del català (conclusions d'un analisi estadística), Actes del vuitè Col·loqui Internacional de Llengua i Literatura Catalana, Volume 1 (1988). Antoni M. Badia Margarit & Michel Camprubi ed. (in Catalan)</ref>

Gascon is mostly spoken in Gascony and [[Béarn]] ([[Béarnese dialect]]) in southwestern France (in parts of the following French ''départements'': [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]], [[Hautes-Pyrénées]], [[Landes (department)|Landes]], [[Gers]], [[Gironde]], [[Lot-et-Garonne]], [[Haute-Garonne]], and [[Ariège (department)|Ariège]]) and in the [[Val d'Aran]] of Catalonia.

[[Aranese language|Aranese]], a southern Gascon variety, is spoken in Catalonia alongside [[Catalan language|Catalan]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. Most people in the region are trilingual in all three languages, causing some influence from Spanish and Catalan. Both these influences tend to differentiate it more and more from the dialects of Gascon spoken in France. Most linguists now consider Aranese a distinct dialect of Occitan and Gascon. Since the 2006 adoption of the new statute of [[Catalonia]], Aranese is co-official with [[Catalan language|Catalan]] and Spanish in all of Catalonia (before, this status was valid for the [[Aran Valley]] only).

It was also one of the mother tongues of the [[Kingdom of England|English]] kings [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] and his younger brother [[John, King of England|John Lackland]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

[[File:Gascon spoken.webm|thumb|A Gascon speaker recorded in France.]]