Editing Gaspard Monge (section)

{{Short description|French mathematician (1746–1818)}}
{{redirect|Monge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Gaspard Monge
| image             = Gaspard monge litho delpech.jpg
| image_size        = 220px
| caption           = 
| birth_date        = {{birth_date|1746|5|9|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Beaune]], [[Côte-d'Or]], [[Kingdom of France]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1818|7|28|1746|5|9|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Paris]], [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Kingdom of France]]
| resting_place     = [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]]
| residence         = 
| citizenship       = 
| nationality       = 
| ethnicity         = 
| field             = {{hlist|Mathematics|engineering|education}}
| work_institutions = 
| alma_mater        = 
| doctoral_advisor  = <!--there were no PhDs in France before 1808-->
| notable_students  = [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]<ref name="Chang">Sooyoung Chang, ''Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians'', World Scientific, 2010, p. 93.</ref><br/>[[Charles Dupin]]<br/>[[Sylvestre François Lacroix]]<br/>[[Jean-Victor Poncelet]]<ref name="Chang"/>
| known_for         = [[Descriptive geometry]]<br>[[Transportation theory (mathematics)|Transportation theory]]
| influences        = 
| influenced        = 
| prizes            = 
| footnotes         = 
| signature         = Signature de Gaspard Monge.svg
}}

'''Gaspard Monge, Comte de [[Pelusium|Péluse]]''' ({{IPA|fr|ɡaspaʁ mɔ̃ʒ kɔ̃t də pelyz}}; 9 May 1746<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archinoe.net/console/ir_ead_visu.php?eadid=FRAD021_000000912V2&ir=23251 |title=Registres paroissiaux et/ou d'état civil : 16 janvier 1745 – 1746 |trans-title=Parish and/or civil registers: January 16, 1745 – 1746 |publisher=Archives of the Department of Côte-d'Or |id=FRAD021EC 57/044 |page=174/281 |language=fr |access-date=8 May 2018 }}</ref> – 28 July 1818)<ref>{{citation |chapter-url=http://archives.paris.fr/s/5/etat-civil-reconstitue/?&action=1&todo=modif_recherche |title=Fichiers de l'état civil reconstitué |trans-title=Reconstituted files of civil status |chapter=Monfredy (1845) to Mongé (1831) |publisher=Paris Archives |page=44/51 |id=V3E/D 1076 |language=fr |access-date=8 May 2018 }}</ref> was a French mathematician, commonly presented as the inventor of [[descriptive geometry]],<ref>[[Albrecht Dürer]] and [[Guarino Guarini]] published works establishing the field before Monge.</ref><ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Monge, Gaspard|author=Arthur Cayley|author-link=Arthur Cayley|volume=18|pages=709–710}}</ref> (the mathematical basis of) [[technical drawing]], and the father of [[differential geometry]].<ref name= "MongeStA">{{MacTutor Biography|id=Monge}}</ref> During the [[French Revolution]] he served as the Minister of the Marine, and was involved in the [[education reform|reform]] of the French educational system, helping to found the [[École Polytechnique]].