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Gaur
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{{Short description|Largest species of the bovid family}} {{About|the bovine animal}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} {{Speciesbox | name = Gaur | status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Bos gaurus'' |name-list-style=amp |author=Duckworth, J. W. |author2=Sankar, K. |author3=Williams, A.C. |author4=Samba Kumar, N. |author5=Timmins, R. J. |date=2016 |page=e.T2891A46363646 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2891A46363646.en |access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref> | status2 = CITES_A1 | status2_system = CITES | status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/> | image = Indian Gaur from anaimalai hills JEG5290.jpg | image_caption = Bull | image2 = Gaur Indian Bison.jpg | image2_caption = Cow and calf | fossil_range = Middle [[Pleistocene]]β[[Holocene|Present]]<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Suraprasit, K. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Jaegar, J.-J. |author3=Chaimanee, Y. |author4=Chavasseau, O. |author5=Yamee, C. |author6=Tian, P. |author7=Panha, S. |title=The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications |date=2016|pages=1β157 |journal=ZooKeys |issue=613 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.613.8309 |pmid=27667928 |pmc=5027644 |bibcode=2016ZooK..613....1S |doi-access=free}}</ref> | taxon = Bos gaurus | range_map= Gaur map.png | range_map_caption = Present range | authority = ([[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]], 1827) }} The '''gaur''' ('''''Bos gaurus'''''; {{IPAc-en|Ι‘|aΚΙr}}) is a large bovine native to the [[Indian Subcontinent]] and [[Southeast Asia]], and has been listed as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] since 1986. The global population was estimated at a maximum of 21,000 mature individuals in 2016, with the majority of those existing in India.<ref name=iucn /> It is the largest species among the wild cattle and the [[Bovidae]].<ref name="Hubback37">{{cite journal |author=Hubback, T. R. |author-link=Theodore Hubback |year=1937 |title=The Malayan gaur or seladang |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=267β279 |doi=10.2307/1374203 |jstor=1374203}}</ref> The domesticated ''[[gayal]]'' or ''mithun'' originated partly from the wild gaur<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Guolong |first1=M. |last2=Hong |first2=C. |last3=Shiping |first3=L. |last4=Hongyu |first4=C. |last5=Dejun |first5=J. |last6=Rongqing |first6=G. |last7=Chunfang |first7=C. |last8=Yonghong |first8=L. |year=2007 |title=Phylogenetic Relationships and Status Quo of Colonies for Gayal Based on Analysis of Cytochrome b Gene Partial Sequences |journal=Journal of Genetics and Genomics |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=413β419 |doi=10.1016/S1673-8527(07)60045-9 |pmid=17560527 }}</ref> and is most common in the border regions of [[Northeast India]] ([[Assam]], [[Manipur]], [[Nagaland]]) and [[Bangladesh]] with [[Myanmar]] and [[Yunnan]], [[China]].<ref name=Simoons1984>Simoons, F. J. (1984). ''Gayal or mithan''. In: Mason, I. L. (ed.) ''Evolution of Domesticated Animals''. Longman, London. Pages 34β38.</ref>
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