Editing Gender equality (section)

{{Short description|Equality for all genders}}
[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804389 - He for She.jpeg|alt=Two Indian stamps which combine to make a human face. Left stamp is of the left half of a man's face. Right stamp is of the right half of a woman's face.|thumb|Two Indian stamps which combine to symbolize gender equality]]
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'''Gender equality''', also known as '''sexual equality''', '''gender egalitarianism''', or '''equality of the sexes''', is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of [[gender]], including economic participation and decision-making, and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, also regardless of gender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender Equality, what does it mean ? – Egalité Femmes/Hommes |url=http://gender-equality.essec.edu/home/gender-equality-what-does-it-mean#:~:text=Gender%20equality,%20also%20known%20as,needs%20equally,%20regardless%20of%20gender. |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=gender-equality.essec.edu |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327211147/http://gender-equality.essec.edu/home/gender-equality-what-does-it-mean#:~:text=Gender%20equality,%20also%20known%20as,needs%20equally,%20regardless%20of%20gender. |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[UNICEF]] (an agency of the United Nations) defines gender equality as "women and men, and girls and boys, enjoy the same rights, resources, opportunities and protections. It does not require that girls and boys, or women and men, be the same, or that they be treated exactly alike."<ref name="UNICEF">{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Overarching_2Pager_Web.pdf|title=Promoting Gender Equality: An Equity-based Approach to Programming|first=Roger|date=2011|website=Operational Guidance Overview in Brief|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2011-01-28|last=LeMoyne|archive-date=2017-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020152744/https://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Overarching_2Pager_Web.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">The [[ILO]] similarly defines gender equality as "the enjoyment of equal rights, opportunities and treatment by men and women and by boys and girls in all spheres of life"</ref>

{{As of|2017|post=,}} gender equality is the fifth of seventeen [[Sustainable Development Goals|sustainable development goals]] ([[Sustainable Development Goal 5|SDG 5]]) of the [[United Nations]]; gender equality has not incorporated the proposition of [[Third gender|genders besides women and men]], or [[Gender identity|gender identities]] outside of the [[gender binary]]. [[Gender inequality]] is measured annually by the [[United Nations Development Programme]]'s [[Human Development Report]]s.

Gender equality can refer to equal opportunities or [[Equal opportunity|formal equality]] based on gender or refer to equal representation or [[equality of outcome]]s for gender, also called [[substantive equality]].<ref name="EU">{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1358229120927947|title=The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law|first=Marc|last=De Vos|date=March 1, 2020|journal=International Journal of Discrimination and the Law|volume=20|issue=1|pages=62–87|via=SAGE Journals|doi=10.1177/1358229120927947}}</ref>
Gender equality is the goal, while gender neutrality and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking that help achieve the goal. [[Gender parity]], which is used to measure gender balance in a given situation, can aid in achieving substantive gender equality but is not the goal in and of itself. Gender equality is strongly tied to [[women's rights]], and often requires policy changes.

On a global scale, achieving gender equality also requires eliminating harmful practices against women and girls, including [[sex trafficking]], [[femicide]], [[wartime sexual violence]], [[gender wage gap]],<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite journal|last1=Meriküll|first1=Jaanika|last2=Mõtsmees|first2=Pille|date=2017-09-04|title=Do you get what you ask? The gender gap in desired and realised wages|journal=International Journal of Manpower|volume=38|issue=6|pages=893–908|doi=10.1108/ijm-11-2015-0197|s2cid=155152121 |issn=0143-7720}}</ref> and other [[Violence against women|oppression tactics]]. [[UNFPA]] stated that "despite many international agreements affirming their human rights, women are still much more likely than men to be poor and illiterate. They have less access to property ownership, credit, training, and employment. This partly stems from the archaic stereotypes of women being labeled as child-bearers and homemakers, rather than the breadwinners of the family.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fineman|first=Martha|date=2000|title=Cracking the Foundational Myths: Independence, Autonomy, and Self-Sufficiency|journal=[[Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law]]|volume=8|pages=13–29|via=HeinOnline}}</ref> They are far less likely than men to be politically active and far more likely to be victims of [[domestic violence]]."<ref name="unfpa.org1">{{cite web|url=http://www.unfpa.org/gender-equality|title=Gender equality|website=United Nations Population Fund|publisher=UNFPA|access-date=14 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520233303/https://www.unfpa.org/gender-equality|archive-date=20 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>