Editing Gene Sharp (section)

{{Short description|American political scientist (1928–2018)}}
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{{Infobox scientist
| name                = Gene Sharp
| image               = Gene Sharp.jpg
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| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1928|1|21}}
| birth_place         = [[North Baltimore, Ohio|North Baltimore]], Ohio, U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeinstein.org/organizations/org/GSVITA.pdf |title=Gene Sharp |type =[[curriculum vitae]] |publisher=[[Albert Einstein Institution]]. |website=aeinstein.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419001540/http://www.aeinstein.org/organizations/org/GSVITA.pdf |archive-date=April 19, 2013 | access-date=April 14, 2017}}</ref><ref name=BBC>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12522848 |title=Gene Sharp: Author of the nonviolent revolution rulebook |publisher=[[BBC]] |last=Arrow |first=Ruaridh |date=February 21, 2011 |access-date=February 22, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222064655/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12522848 |archive-date=February 22, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2018|01|28|1928|01|21}}
| death_place         = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S.
| awards              = [[Right Livelihood Award]]
| fields              = [[Political science]], [[civil resistance]], [[nonviolent revolution]]
| workplaces          = [[University of Massachusetts Dartmouth]], [[Harvard University]], [[Albert Einstein Institution]]
| alma_mater          = [[Ohio State University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]])<br>[[University of Oxford]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|DPhil]])
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'''Gene Sharp''' (January 21, 1928 – January 28, 2018) was an American political  scientist.  He was the founder of the [[Albert Einstein Institution]], a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the study of nonviolent action, and professor of political science at the [[University of Massachusetts Dartmouth]].<ref name=BBC/> He was known for his extensive writings on nonviolent struggle, which have influenced numerous anti-government resistance movements around the world.

Sharp received the 2008 Int’l Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award for his lifelong commitment to the defense of freedom, democracy, and the reduction of political violence through scholarly analysis of the power of nonviolent action. Unofficial sources have claimed that Sharp was nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mdg.no/nyheter/gene-sharp-nominert-til-fredsprisen/|title=Gene Sharp nominert til fredsprisen|work=Miljøpartiet De Grønne |date=February 2, 2015|publisher=[[Green Party (Norway)|Miljøpartiet De Grønne (Norwegian Green Party)]]. mdg.no.|access-date=2017-04-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301070838/https://www.mdg.no/nyheter/gene-sharp-nominert-til-fredsprisen/|archive-date=March 1, 2017|df=mdy-all}}. Sharp was nominated by Norwegian Green Party Member of Parliament [[Rasmus Hansson]].</ref> and had previously been nominated three times, in 2009, 2012 and 2013.<ref name=BBC/><ref>"[https://www.afsc.org/story/nonviolence-scholar-nominated-2013-nobel-peace-prize Nonviolence scholar nominated for 2013 Nobel Peace Prize] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019061505/https://www.afsc.org/story/nonviolence-scholar-nominated-2013-nobel-peace-prize |date=October 19, 2017 }}" [press release]. American Friends Service Committee. afsc.org. February&nbsp;25, 2013. Retrieved 2017-04-14.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prio.no/About/PeacePrize/PRIO-Directors-Speculations-2012/ |title=Nobel Peace Prize 2012: PRIO Director's Speculations |publisher=Prio.no |access-date=October 2, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205072038/http://www.prio.no/About/PeacePrize/PRIO-Directors-Speculations-2012/ |archive-date=February 5, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Sharp was widely considered the favorite for the 2012 award.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-02/peace-institute-says-nobel-rankings-favor-sharp-echo-of-moscow.html | work=Bloomberg | title=Peace Institute Says Nobel Rankings Favor Sharp, Echo of Moscow | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224141100/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-02/peace-institute-says-nobel-rankings-favor-sharp-echo-of-moscow.html | archive-date=December 24, 2014 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/11/world/nobel-peace-prize-contenders/index.html | work=[[CNN]] | title=Who will take home this year's Nobel Peace Prize?| date=October 12, 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025031156/http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/11/world/nobel-peace-prize-contenders/index.html | archive-date=October 25, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/10/handicapping_the_nobels|title=Handicapping the Nobel Peace Prize|via=Foreign Policy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111074641/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/10/handicapping_the_nobels|archive-date=November 11, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2011, he was awarded the [[El-Hibri Peace Education Prize]].<ref name=El-Hibri>{{cite web|title=El-Hibri Peace Education Prize |url=http://elhibriprize.org/winners.html |work=Prize Laureates |publisher=El-Hibri Charitable Foundation |access-date=August 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122090853/http://www.elhibriprize.org/winners.html |archive-date=November 22, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref> In 2012, he was a recipient of the [[Right Livelihood Award]] for "developing and articulating the core principles and strategies of nonviolent resistance and supporting their practical implementation in conflict areas around the world".<ref name=rightlive2012>{{cite web|title=Right Livelihood Award|url=http://www.rightlivelihood.org/laureates.html?&no_cache=1|work=List of Laureates|publisher=The Right Livelihood Award Foundation|access-date=September 27, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905164058/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/laureates.html?&no_cache=1|archive-date=September 5, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>