Editing Generative science (section)

{{short description|Study of how complex behaviour can be generated by deterministic and finite rules and parameters}}
[[File:Game of life torus 100 100 1500.gif|right|500px|thumb|Interaction between a few simple rules and parameters can produce endless, seemingly unpredictable complexity.]]

'''Generative science''' is an area of research that explores the natural [[world]] and its complex behaviours. It explores ways "to generate apparently unanticipated and infinite behaviour based on [[Deterministic automaton|deterministic]] and [[Finite-state machine|finite]] rules and parameters reproducing or resembling the behavior of natural and social phenomena".<ref>{{citation |page=7 |chapter=Computing Nature – A Network of Networks of Concurrent Information Processes |author1=Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic |author2=Raffaela Giovagnoli |title=Computing nature: Turing centenary perspective |publisher=Springer |year=2013 |editor1=Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic |editor2=Raffaela Giovagnoli |isbn=978-3-642-37225-4}}</ref> By modelling such interactions, it can suggest that properties exist in the system that had not been noticed in the real world situation.<ref name= "Ning">{{citation |author=Ning Nan |author2=Erik W. Johnston |author3=Judith S. Olson |year=2008 |title=Unintended consequences of collocation: using agent-based modeling to untangle effects of communication delay and in-group favor |journal=Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=57–83 |doi=10.1007/s10588-008-9024-4|s2cid=397177 }}</ref> An example field of study is how [[unintended consequences]] arise in social processes.

Generative sciences often explore natural phenomena at several levels of organization.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Farre | first1 = G. L. | title = The Energetic Structure of Observation: A Philosophical Disquisition | doi = 10.1177/0002764297040006004 | journal = American Behavioral Scientist | volume = 40 | issue = 6 | pages = 717–728 | year = 1997 | s2cid = 144764570 }}</ref><ref name= "Schmidhuber">J. Schmidhuber. (1997) [https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9904050 A computer scientist's view of life, the universe, and everything]. Foundations of Computer Science: Potential – Theory – Cognition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 201–208, Springer</ref> [[Self-organization|Self-organizing]] natural systems are a central subject, studied both theoretically and by simulation experiments. The study of complex systems in general has been grouped under the heading of "[[general systems theory]]", particularly by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]], [[Anatol Rapoport]], [[Ralph Gerard]], and [[Kenneth Boulding]].