Editing Geoduck (section)

{{short description|Species of bivalve}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Geoduck held in two hands.jpg
| image_caption = A live specimen of ''Panopea generosa''
| taxon = Panopea generosa
| authority = [[Augustus Addison Gould|Gould]], 1850
}}

The '''Pacific geoduck''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|uː|i|ˌ|d|ʌ|k}} {{respell|GOO-ee|duk}}; ''Panopea generosa'') is a [[species]] of very large [[Saline water|saltwater]] [[clam]] in the family [[Hiatellidae]].<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|545994|''Panopea generosa'' Gould, 1850||28 December 2010}}</ref><ref name=Vadopalas/> The common name is derived from the [[Lushootseed]] name, {{Langx|lut|gʷidəq|label=none}}.

The geoduck is native to the coastal waters of the eastern North Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Baja California.<ref name=Vadopalas/> The shell of the clam ranges from {{convert|15|cm|in|sigfig=1|sp=us}} to over {{convert|20|cm|in|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in length, but the extremely long [[siphon (mollusc)|siphons]] make the clam itself much longer than this: the "shaft" or siphons alone can be {{convert|1|m|ftin|sp=us}} in length. The geoduck is the largest burrowing clam in the world.<ref name=BBC>{{cite web |author1=Morgan, James |title=The 'phallic' clam America sells to China |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-33261666 |publisher=BBC |access-date=20 July 2015 |date=19 July 2015}}</ref> It is also one of the longest-living animals of any type, with a typical lifespan of 140 years;<ref name=Orensanz>{{cite journal | last1 = Orensanz | first1 = J. M. L. | last2 = Hand | first2 = C. M. | last3 = Parma | first3 = A. M. | last4 = Valero | first4 = J. | last5 = Hilborn | first5 = R. | year = 2004 | title = Precaution in the harvest of Methuselahs clams-the difficulty of getting timely feedback from slow-paced dynamics | journal = Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. | volume = 61 | issue = 8 | pages = 1355–1372 | doi = 10.1139/f04-136 | bibcode = 2004CJFAS..61.1355O }}</ref> the oldest has been recorded at 179 years old.<ref name="Edge">{{cite journal |last1=Edge |first1=David |last2=Reynolds |first2=David |last3=Wanamaker |first3=Alan |last4=Griffin |first4=Daniel |last5=((Bureau)) |first5=Dominique |last6=Outridge |first6=Christine |last7=Wang |first7=Richard |last8=Stevick |first8=Bethany |last9=Black |first9=Bryan |title=Multicentennial Proxy Record of Northeast Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures From the Annual Growth Increments of Panopea generosa |journal=Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology |date=2021 |volume=36 |issue=9 |doi=10.1029/2021PA004291 |bibcode=2021PaPa...36.4291E |s2cid=239151578 |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021PA004291 |access-date=13 September 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The precise longevity of geoducks can be determined from annual rings deposited in the shell which can be assigned to calendar years of formation through [[Dendrochronology|crossdating]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kastelle |first1=Craig R. |last2=Helser |first2=Thomas E. |last3=Black |first3=Bryan A. |last4=Stuckey |first4=Matthew J. |last5=C. Gillespie |first5=Darlene |last6=McArthur |first6=Judy |last7=Little |first7=Diana |last8=D. Charles |first8=Karen |last9=Khan |first9=Reziah S. |title=Bomb-produced radiocarbon validation of growth-increment crossdating allows marine paleoclimate reconstruction |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |date=15 October 2011 |volume=311 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.015|bibcode=2011PPP...311..126K }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Black |first1=Bryan A. |last2=Gillespie |first2=Darlene C. |last3=MacLellan |first3=Shayne E. |last4=Hand |first4=Claudia M. |title=Establishing highly accurate production-age data using the tree-ring technique of crossdating: a case study for Pacific geoduck (Panopea abrupta) |journal=Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |date=December 2008 |volume=65 |issue=12 |pages=2572–2578 |doi=10.1139/F08-158|bibcode=2008CJFAS..65.2572B }}</ref> These annual rings also serve as an archive of past marine variability.<ref name="Edge"></ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Black |first1=Bryan A. |last2=Copenheaver |first2=Carolyn A. |last3=Frank |first3=David C. |last4=Stuckey |first4=Matthew J. |last5=Kormanyos |first5=Rose E. |title=Multi-proxy reconstructions of northeastern Pacific sea surface temperature data from trees and Pacific geoduck |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |date=15 July 2009 |volume=278 |issue=1 |pages=40–47 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.010|bibcode=2009PPP...278...40B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Strom |first1=Are |last2=Francis |first2=Robert C. |last3=Mantua |first3=Nathan J. |last4=Miles |first4=Edward L. |last5=Peterson |first5=David L. |title=North Pacific climate recorded in growth rings of geoduck clams: A new tool for paleoenvironmental reconstruction: NORTH PACIFIC CLIMATE FROM GEODUCK CLAMS |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=March 2004 |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=n/a |doi=10.1029/2004GL019440|s2cid=15853307 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
[[File:Geoduck Growth Increments.jpg|thumb|Geoduck growth increments]]