Editing German model (section)

{{for|German models|Category:German models}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2009}}
[[Image:VW Wolfsburg.JPG|thumb|300px|The [[Volkswagen]] factory in Wolfsburg]]
The term '''German model''' is most often used in [[economics]] to describe post-[[World War II]] [[West Germany]]'s means of using (according to [[University College London]] Professor [[Wendy Carlin]]) innovative industrial relations, vocational training, and closer relationships between the financial and industrial sectors to cultivate economic prosperity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carlin |first1=Wendy |year=1996 |chapter=West German growth and institutions, 1945-90 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiTtnUn5qGsC&pg=PA455 |editor1-last=Crafts |editor1-first=Nicholas |editor1-link=Nicholas Crafts |editor2-last=Toniolo |editor2-first=Gianni  |title=Economic Growth in Europe Since 1945 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=484 |isbn=9780521499644 }}</ref> The two key components of the German model is a national system for certifying industrial and artisan skills, as well as full union participation in the oversight of plant-based vocation training.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thelen |first=Kathleen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0afDJGPczwC |title=How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan |date=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54674-4 |pages=63 |language=en}}</ref>

The German model of collective bargaining differs from the model common in other European countries and the United States.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Jäger |first=Simon |last2=Noy |first2=Shakked |last3=Schoefer |first3=Benjamin |date=2022 |title=The German Model of Industrial Relations: Balancing Flexibility and Collective Action |url=https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.36.4.53 |journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |language=en |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=53–80 |doi=10.1257/jep.36.4.53 |issn=0895-3309|doi-access=free |hdl=10419/265721 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> In Germany, unions and employer associations bargain at the industry-region level.<ref name=":02" /> In contrast to tripartite corporatist systems, the German government is not involved in the negotiations.<ref name=":02" /> These large-scale agreements have broad coverage and lead to considerable standardization in wages and employment conditions across the country.<ref name=":02" /> Some bargaining occurs at the firm level.<ref name=":02" />