Editing Gilbert Ryle (section)

{{Short description|British philosopher (1900–1976)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| region           = [[Western philosophy]]
| image            = Rex Whistler - Gilbert Ryle, Fellow.jpg
|honorific_prefix=[[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]
| name             = Gilbert Ryle
| birth_date       = 19 August 1900
| birth_place      = [[Brighton]], England
| death_date       = 6 October 1976 (aged 76)
| death_place      = [[Whitby]], England
| alma_mater       = [[The Queen's College, Oxford]]
| school_tradition = {{hlist | [[Analytic philosophy]] | [[logical behaviourism]]<ref>{{cite SEP |url-id=behaviorism |title=Behaviorism}}</ref><ref>[[Neil Tennant (philosopher)|Neil Tennant]], ''Introducing Philosophy: God, Mind, World, and Logic'', Routledge, 2015, p. 299.</ref>}}
| doctoral_students= {{flatlist|
* [[Daniel Dennett]]
* [[Colin Radford]]
}}
| notable_students= {{flatlist|
* [[Theodor W. Adorno]]
* [[A. J. Ayer]]
* [[G.&nbsp;A. Cohen]]
* [[Antony Flew]]
* [[Þorsteinn Gylfason]]
* [[Bernard Williams]]
}}
| main_interests   = {{hlist | [[Philosophy of language]] | [[ordinary language philosophy]] | [[philosophy of mind]] | [[behaviourism]] | [[meaning (philosophy of language)|meaning]] | [[cognition]]}}
| influences       = {{flatlist|
* [[René Descartes]]
* [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]
* [[Herbert James Paton]]<ref>Stuart Brown, Diane Collinson, Robert Wilkinson (eds), ''Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers'', Routledge, 2012: "Paton, Herbert James."</ref>
* [[Edmund Husserl]]<ref>Edmund Husserl, ''[[Logical Investigations (Husserl)|Logical Investigations]]'', Volume 1, Routledge & Keegan Paul, 2001: Introduction by Dermot Moran, p. lxiv: "Husserl... visited England in 1922 intent on establishing relations with English philosophers.... He delivered a number of lectures which were attended by Gilbert Ryle...."</ref>
}}
| influenced       = {{flatlist|
* [[J.&nbsp;L. Austin]]
* [[A.&nbsp;J. Ayer]]
* [[John Searle]]
* [[R.&nbsp;M. Hare]]
* [[Wilfrid Sellars]]
* [[Daniel Dennett]]
* [[Richard Webster (British author)|Richard Webster]]
* [[Ullin Place]]
* [[Clifford Geertz]]
* [[G.&nbsp;A. Cohen]]
* [[P.&nbsp;F. Strawson]]
* [[Michael Dummett]]<ref>[[Michael Dummett]], ''Origins of Analytical Philosophy'', [[Bloomsbury Publishing]], 2014, p. xiii; Anat Biletzki, Anat Matarp (eds.), ''The Story of Analytic Philosophy: Plot and Heroes'', Routledge, 2002, p. 57: "It was Gilbert Ryle who, [Dummett] says, opened his eyes to this fact in his lectures on Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong, and Husserl."</ref>
* [[Þorsteinn Gylfason]]
* [[J.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;C. Smart]]
* [[Alan&nbsp;R. White]]
}}
| notable_ideas    = {{hlist | [[Category mistake]] | [[Ryle's regress]] | [[ordinary language philosophy]] | [[ghost in the machine]] | [[thick description]] vs thin description | [[procedural knowledge|knowing-how]] vs. [[descriptive knowledge|knowing-that]] | topic neutrality<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logical-constants/ Logical Constants (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]</ref>}}
}}
'''Gilbert Ryle''' (19 August 1900 – 6 October 1976) was a British philosopher,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gilbert-Ryle|title=Gilbert Ryle {{!}} British philosopher|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-09-03|language=en}}</ref> principally known for his critique of [[Cartesian dualism]], for which he coined the phrase "[[ghost in the machine]]". Some of Ryle's ideas in philosophy of mind have been called [[logical behaviourism|behaviourist]]. In his best-known book, ''[[The Concept of Mind]]'' (1949), he writes that the "general trend of this book will undoubtedly, and harmlessly, be stigmatised as 'behaviourist'."<ref>Ryle, Gilbert. [1949] 2002. ''The Concept of Mind''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 327.</ref> Having studied the philosophers [[Bernard Bolzano]], [[Franz Brentano]], [[Alexius Meinong]], [[Edmund Husserl]], and [[Martin Heidegger]], Ryle suggested that the book instead "could be described as a sustained essay in [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenology]], if you are at home with that label."<ref>Ryle, Gilbert (1971). "Phenomenology versus 'The Concept of Mind'." In ''Collected Papers''. London: Hutchinson. p. 188.</ref>