Editing Gombe State (section)

{{short description|State of Nigeria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name               = Gombe State
| official_name      = 
| type               = [[States of Nigeria|State]]
| image_skyline      = 
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Flag of Gombe State.svg
| flag_alt           = Flag of Gombe State
| flag_size          = 120px
| image_seal         = File:Gombe State Seal.png
| seal_alt           = Seal of Gombe State
| nickname           = 
| image_map          = Nigeria Gombe State map.png
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location of Gombe State in Nigeria
| coordinates        = {{coord|10|15|N|11|10|E|region:NG_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Nigeria}}
| established_title  = [[List of Nigerian states by date of statehood|Date created]]
| established_date   = 1 October 1996
| seat_type          = [[List of Nigerian state capitals|Capital]]
| seat               = [[Gombe, Gombe State|Gombe]]
| government_footnotes = 
| governing_body     = [[Government of Gombe State]]
| leader_party       = [[All Progressives Congress (Nigeria)|APC]]
| leader_title       = [[Governor of Gombe State|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya]]
| leader_title1      = Deputy Governor
| leader_name1       = [[Manasseh Daniel Jatau]] ([[All Progressives Congress (Nigeria)|APC]])
| leader_title2      = Legislature
| leader_name2       = [[Gombe State House of Assembly]]
| leader_title3      = [[Senate of Nigeria|Senators]]
| leader_name3       = {{Nowrap|C: [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|N: [[Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|S: [[Anthony Yaro]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}
| leader_title4      = [[Nigerian House of Representatives|Representatives]]
| leader_name4       = [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Gombe#9th Assembly (2019–Date)|List]]
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 18768
| area_rank          = [[List of Nigerian states by area|22nd of 36]]
| area_note          = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| population_footnotes = {{ref|prelim|1}}
| population_total   = 2365040<ref name="PHC Tables">{{Cite web|url=http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|title=2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION|website=population.gov.ng|language=en-US|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016021547/http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|archive-date=16 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_as_of   = 2006 census
| population_est     = 3,960,100
| pop_est_as_of      = 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe State: Subdivision |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/NGA016__gombe/|access-date=2024-02-05 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>
| population_rank    = [[List of Nigerian states by population|33rd of 36]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note    = 
| population_blank1_title = 
| population_blank1  = 
| population_blank2_title = Religions
| population_blank2  = 
| demographics_type1 = [[List of Nigerian states by GDP|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Year
| demographics1_info1 = 2021
| demographics1_title2 = Total
| demographics1_info2 = $13.58&nbsp;billion<ref name="C-GIDD GDP">{{cite web |date=13 October 2022 |editor-last=Okeowo |editor-first=Gabriel |editor2-last=Fatoba |editor2-first=Iyanuoluwa |title=State of States 2022 Edition |url=https://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-State-of-states_Official.pdf |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=Budgit.org |publisher=BudgIT |publication-date=13 October 2022}}</ref>
| demographics1_title3 = Per capita
| demographics1_info3 = $3,553<ref name="C-GIDD GDP" />
| timezone1          = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
| utc_offset1        = +01
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 771100
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = 
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:NG|NG-GO]]
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
| blank_info_sec1    = 0.466<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|low}} · [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index|29th of 37]]
| website            = {{URL|http://gombestate.gov.ng/}}
| footnotes          = {{note|prelim|1}} Preliminary results
}}

'''Gombe State''' ({{langx|ff|Lesdi Gommbe 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤥𞥆𞤦𞤫}}; {{langx|tan|Kwambe}}) is a [[States of Nigeria|state]] in [[North East (Nigeria)|northeastern]] [[Nigeria]], bordered to the north and northeast by the states of [[Borno State|Borno]] in the vicinity of [[Gongola River]] and Lake [[Dadin Kowa Dam|Dadin Kowa]] and [[Yobe State|Yobe]] in the vicinity of Gongola River, to the south by [[Taraba State]], to the southeast by [[Adamawa State]], and to the west by [[Bauchi State]]. [[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] is the state capital of Gombe state and it was formed from a part of [[Bauchi State]] on 1 October 1996.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=How we convinced Abacha to create Gombe State in 1996 –Amb. Garba |url=https://punchng.com/how-we-convinced-abacha-to-create-gombe-state-in-1996-amb-garba/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Of the 36 states in Nigeria, Gombe is the [[List of Nigerian states by area|22nd largest in area]] and the [[List of Nigerian states by population|32nd most populous]], with an estimated population of about 3.25 million as of 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population 2006-2016 |url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474 |website=[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214205233/https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474 |url-status=live }}</ref> The state bears a slogan "Jewel in the [[Savanna|Savannah".]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Etemiku |first=MajiriOghene Bob |date=2022-11-20 |title=Barde, Inuwa: who better to run Gombawa from 2023? |url=https://www.inigerian.com/barde-inuwa-who-better-to-run-gombawa-from-2023/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=iNigerian.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Geography|Geographically]], the state is within the [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical]] [[West Sudanian savanna]] ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zida |first1=D. |last2=Tigabu |first2=M. |last3=Sawadogo |first3=L. |last4=Oden |first4=P.C. |date=2005-10-01 |title=Germination requirements of seeds of four woody species from the Sudanian savanna in Burkina Faso, West Africa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2005.33.3.06 |journal=Seed Science and Technology |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=581–593 |doi=10.15258/sst.2005.33.3.06 |issn=0251-0952|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Important geographic features include the [[Gongola River]] — which flows through Gombe's north and east into [[Dadin Kowa Dam|Lake Dadin Kowa]] — and part of the [[Muri Mountains]], a small range in the state's far south. Among the state's nature endowments are a number of [[snake]] species, including [[Echis ocellatus|carpet viper]], [[puff adder]], and [[Egyptian cobra]] populations along with [[hippopotamus]], [[Senegal parrot]], and [[grey-headed kingfisher]] populations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Azubuike |first1=Chima |title=Gombe govt to establish hippopotamus colony |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-govt-to-establish-hippopotamus-colony/ |website=[[The Punch]] |date=19 October 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224081651/https://punchng.com/gombe-govt-to-establish-hippopotamus-colony/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adang |first1=K. L |last2=Nsor |first2=C. A. |last3=M |first3=Tela |title=Checklist of bird species at the Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science |date=30 April 2015 |volume=4 |url=http://garj.org/garjas/6/2015/4/6/checklist-of-bird-species-at-the-dadin-kowa-dam-gombe-gombe-state-nigeria |access-date=24 December 2021 |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224081651/http://garj.org/garjas/6/2015/4/6/checklist-of-bird-species-at-the-dadin-kowa-dam-gombe-gombe-state-nigeria |url-status=live }}</ref>

The state is inhabited by various [[Ethnicity|ethnic groups]], primarily the [[Fula people|Fulani people]] living in the north and center of the state, and the [[Tangale language|Tangale]], living in the Southern and Central part of the state, while the state's diverse eastern and southern regions are populated by the Cham, [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]], [[Jara language|Jara]], [[Kamo language|Kamo]], [[Pero language|Pero]], [[Tangale language|Tangale]], [[Tera language|Tera]], [[Longuda people|Lunguda]] and [[Waja People|Waja]] peoples. Religiously, between 55% and 60% of the state's populations are Muslim while the Christian minority comprises between 40% and 45%.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Higazi |first1=Adam |last2=Lar |first2=Jimam |title=Articulations of belonging: The politics of ethnic and religious pluralism in Bauchi and Gombe States, North-East Nigeria |journal=Cambridge University Press |date=February 2015 |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=103–130 |doi=10.1017/S0001972014000795 |s2cid=144713143 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1647755004 |access-date=19 August 2023 |id={{ProQuest|1647755004}} |quote=In Gombe State, the population is estimated to be about 65 per cent to 70 per cent Muslim and 30 per cent to 35 per cent Christian|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In the [[Pre-colonialism|pre-colonial]] period, the area that is now Gombe State was split up between various states until the early 1800s when the [[Fulani jihad]] seized much of the area to the Northern Gombe and formed the [[Gombe Emirate]] under the [[Sokoto Caliphate]] while the [[Tangale language|Tangale]] seized the Southern Area to establish their Maidom which has traceable history to [[Borno Emirate|ElKanemi]] - Maiduguri migration. In the 1910s, [[British Empire|British]] expeditions occupied the [[Emirate]] and the surrounding areas, incorporating them into the [[Northern Nigeria Protectorate]] which later merged into [[British Nigeria]] before becoming independent as [[Nigeria]] in 1960.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikimẹ |first1=Obaro |title=The British in Bauchi, 1901-1908: an episode in the British occupation and control of Northern Nigeria |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |date=June 1974 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=271–290 |jstor=41857013 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857013 |access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref> Originally, modern-day Gombe State was a part of the post-independence [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]] until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the [[North-Eastern State]]. After the North-Eastern State was split, [[Bauchi State]] was formed in 1976 alongside ten other states. Twenty years afterwards, a group of LGAs in Bauchi's west were broken off to form the new Gombe State.

Economically, Gombe State is largely based around [[agriculture]], mainly of [[sorghum]], [[maize]], [[Peanut|groundnuts]], [[millet]], [[bean]]s, [[rice]] and [[tomato]]es mostly in the Central and Southern axis. Other key industries are services, especially in the city of [[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]], and the herding of [[camel]]s, [[cattle]], [[goat]]s, and [[sheep]] which are predominantly in the Northern axis of the state. Gombe has the [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index#2019|fourth lowest]] [[Human Development Index]] and [[List of Nigerian states by GDP|one of the lowest]] [[GDP]]s in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Human Development Indices |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/ |website=Global Data Lab |access-date=15 December 2021 |archive-date=14 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314102820/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Maize farm in akko, Gombe state, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Agriculture in Gombe State. Akko LGA]]
[[File:Rice farm 2022.jpg|thumb|Agriculture in gombe state]]
[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] is one of the "friendliest" cities in Nigeria for doing business, due to its excellent modern infrastructure, secure and stable serenity, [[Transparency and translucency|transparency]] and easier accessibility of information, regulatory environment, skills and labour and economic opportunities. These earned her the [[World Bank]]'s yearly appraisal, "The Ease of Doing Business", in 2021 and 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=As Gombe leads Nigeria again in ease of doing business|publisher= Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/as-gombe-leads-nigeria-again-in-ease-of-doing-business/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=dailytrust.com|date=April 2023 }}</ref>