Editing Grand Central Terminal (section)

{{short description|Railway terminal in Manhattan, New York}}
{{Redirect|Grand Central Station||Grand Central Station (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox station
| name               = Grand Central Terminal
| style              = MNRR
| type               = [[File:Grand Central Terminal logo 2.svg|140px|center|alt=Logo of Grand Central Terminal, with interlocking letters "G", "C", and "T"]]
| image              = {{Photomontage
| photo1a                     = Image-Grand central Station Outside Night 2.jpg{{!}}Exterior of the terminal building
| photo1b                     = Grand Central Terminal, New York 2017 45.jpg{{!}}Train shed platform and tracks
| photo2a                     = USA-NYC-Grand Central Terminal Clock.jpg{{!}}Central Main Concourse clock
| photo2b                     = GCT in Blizzard of 2015.jpg{{!}}Main Concourse, facing east
| spacing = 2 | position = center | color_border = white | color = white | size = 300
}}
| image_caption      = Clockwise from top left: 42nd Street facade; underground Metro-North platform and tracks; [[Main Concourse]]; iconic clock atop the information booth
| alt                = The Main Concourse, a large open room of marble and stone with a central information booth and ticket windows to the sides
| address            = 89 [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|East 42nd Street]]<br />[[Manhattan]], [[New York City]]
| owned              = {{unbulleted list
| [[New York Central & Hudson River Railroad]] (1913–1914)
| [[New York Central Railroad]] (1914–1968)
| [[Penn Central Transportation Company]] (1968–1994)
| [[American Premier Underwriters]] (1994–2006)
| [[Midtown Trackage Ventures]] (2006–2020)
| [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] (2020–present)
}}<hr/>
| operator           = {{unbulleted list
| New York Central & Hudson River (1913–1914)
| New York Central (1914–1968)
| [[New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad]] (1913–1968)
| Penn Central (1968–1976)
| [[Amtrak]] (1971–1991)
| [[Conrail]] (1976–1983)
| [[Metro-North Railroad]] (1983–present)
}}
| manager            = George Monasterio (director)
| line               = [[Park Avenue main line]]
| platform           = 44: 43 [[island platform]]s, 1 [[side platform]]<br />(6 tracks with [[Spanish solution]])
| tracks             = 67: 56 passenger tracks (30 on upper level, 26 on lower level)<br />43 in use for passenger service<br />11 sidings
| connections        = [[File:BSicon BAHN.svg|12px|alt=Railway transportation]] [[Long Island Rail Road]]<br />at [[Grand Central Madison]]<br />{{rint|newyork|subway}} [[New York City Subway]]:<br />{{NYCS Grand Central|time=bullets}}<br />at {{stn|Grand Central–42nd Street}}<hr/>{{bus icon}} [[NYCT Bus]]: {{NYC bus link|M1|M2|M3|M4|M42|M101|M102|M103|Q32}}<hr/>{{bus icon}} NYCT Bus, [[MTA Bus]], [[Academy Bus]]: [[#Connecting services|express services]]
| depth              =
| levels             = 2
| parking            =
| bicycle            =
| accessible         = Accessible{{refn|Grand Central Terminal meets Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements. However, not all features are fully ADA-accessible.<ref name="MTA-GCT" />|group=N}}
| years              = Construction
| events             = 1903–1913<br />{{small|Opened {{start date and age|February 2, 1913}}}}
| mpassengers        = {{rail pass box|system=Metro-North|passengers=67 million annually, based on weekly estimate<!--1,291,200 * (365/7) = about 67,326,857 per year--><ref name="ridership" />|pass_year=FY 2018|pass_percent=0.6}}
| passengers         =
| pass_year          =
| pass_percent       =
| website            = {{official website}}
| services           = {{Adjacent stations
| system=Metro-North Railroad
| line1=Harlem|right1=Harlem–125th Street|to-right1=North White Plains, Southeast or Wassaic
| line2=Hudson main|right2=Harlem–125th Street
| line3=New Haven|right3=Harlem–125th Street|to-right3=Stamford or New Haven
| line4=New Canaan Branch outer|right4=Harlem–125th Street|note-mid4=weekday service
| line5=Danbury Branch outer|right5=Harlem–125th Street|note-mid5=weekday service}}
| other_services_header = Former services
| other_services_collapsible = yes
| other_services     = {{Adjacent stations|system1=New York Central Railroad
| line1=main|left1=125th Street
| line2=Hudson Division|left2=125th Street
| line3=Harlem Division|left3=125th Street|to-left3=Chatham
| system4=New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
| line4=main|right4=Harlem–125th Street
| system5=Amtrak
| line5=Lake Shore|left5=Croton-Harmon
| line6=Niagara Rainbow|left6=Croton-Harmon
| line7=Adirondack|left7=Yonkers
| line8=Empire Service|left8=Yonkers
| line9=Maple Leaf|left9=Yonkers
}}
| other_services2_header = Former services ([[History of Grand Central Terminal#Grand Central Station|pre-1913]])
| other_services2_collapsible = yes
| other_services2    = {{Adjacent stations|system=New York Central and Hudson River Railroad
| line1=Hudson Division|left1=110th Street|note-left1=Until 1906
| line2=Harlem Division|left2=86th Street|to-left2=Chatham|note-left2=Until 1901
| line3=Harlem Division|left3=72nd Street|to-left3=Chatham|note-left3=Limited}}
| embedded           = {{Infobox historic site
| embed                       = yes
| name                        =
| other_name                  = '''Interactive map'''
| coordinates                 = {{WikidataCoord|Q11290|region:US-NY_type:railwaystation_scale:5000|display=inline,title}}
| architect                   = [[Reed and Stem]];<br />[[Warren and Wetmore]]
| architecture                = [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]]
| visitors_num                = 21.6 million
| visitors_year               = 2018
| visitors_ref                = <ref name="tourists" />
| website                     =
| designation1                = NHL
| designation1_date           = December 8, 1976
| designation1_number         = [https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75315840 75001206]
| designation2                = NRHP
| designation2_date           = January 17, 1975<br />August 11, 1983 (increase)
| designation2_number         = [https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75319560 75001206], [https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75319562 83001726]
| designation3                = NYSRHP
| designation3_date           = June 23, 1980<ref name="Cultural Resource Information System">{{cite web | title=Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS) | publisher=New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation | date=November 7, 2014 | url=https://cris.parks.ny.gov/ | access-date=July 20, 2023 | archive-date=April 4, 2019 | archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20190404141934/https://cris.parks.ny.gov/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
| designation3_number         = 06101.000365
| designation4                = New York City Landmark
| designation4_date           = August 2, 1967 (facade)<br />September 23, 1980 (interior)
| designation4_number         = [http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0266.pdf 0266] (facade)<br />[http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1099.pdf 1099] (interior)
| image_map                   = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=10|type=point|marker=rail|title=Grand Central Terminal|description=[[File:Image-Grand central Station Outside Night 2.jpg|alt=Grand Central's facade at night|145px]]}}
| image_map_caption           =
}}
}}

'''Grand Central Terminal''' ('''GCT'''; also referred to as '''Grand Central Station''' or simply as '''Grand Central''') is a [[commuter rail]] [[terminal station|terminal]] located at [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]] and [[Park Avenue]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]], New York City. Grand Central is the southern terminus of the [[Metro-North Railroad]]'s [[Harlem Line|Harlem]], [[Hudson Line (Metro-North)|Hudson]] and [[New Haven Line]]s, serving the northern parts of the [[New York metropolitan area]]. It also contains a connection to the [[Long Island Rail Road]] through the [[Grand Central Madison]] station, a {{convert|16|acre|m2|adj=on}} rail terminal underneath the Metro-North station, built from 2007 to 2023. The terminal also connects to the [[New York City Subway]] at [[Grand Central–42nd Street station]]. The terminal is the [[List of busiest railway stations in North America|third-busiest train station in North America]], after [[New York Penn Station]] and [[Toronto Union Station]].

The distinctive architecture and interior design of Grand Central Terminal's [[station building|station house]] have earned it several landmark designations, including as a [[National Historic Landmark]]. Its [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] design incorporates numerous [[Grand Central Terminal art|works of art]]. Grand Central Terminal is one of the world's ten most-visited tourist attractions,<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/slideshows/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/2|title=The World's 50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions – No. 3: Times Square, New York City – Annual Visitors: 50,000,000|last=Shields|first=Ann|date=November 10, 2014|publisher=Travel+Leisure|access-date=November 14, 2018|quote=No. 3 Times Square,...No. 4 (tie) Central Park,...No. 10 Grand Central Terminal, New York City|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417131907/https://www.travelandleisure.com/slideshows/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions#2|archive-date=April 17, 2019}}</ref> with 21.6 million visitors in 2018, excluding train and subway passengers.<ref name="tourists" /> The terminal's [[Main Concourse]] is often used as a meeting place, and is especially featured in films and television. Grand Central Terminal contains a variety of stores and food vendors, including upscale restaurants and bars, a food hall, and a grocery marketplace. The building is also noted for its library, event hall, tennis club, control center and offices for the railroad, and sub-basement power station.

Grand Central Terminal was built by and named for the [[New York Central Railroad]]; it also served the [[New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad]] and, later, successors to the New York Central. Opened in 1913, the terminal was built on the site of two similarly named predecessor stations, the first of which dated to 1871. Grand Central Terminal served [[intercity train]]s until 1991, when [[Amtrak]] consolidated its New York operations at nearby Penn Station.{{refn|group=N|Prior to the consolidation, the track layout of the railroads meant that some Amtrak trains could only stop at Penn Station while others could only stop at Grand Central. Once the [[Empire Connection]] was ready to use, Penn Station became accessible from all approaches to New York, so Amtrak moved all of its trains there.}}

Grand Central covers {{convert|48|acre|0}} and has 44 [[Railway platform|platforms]], more than any other railroad station in the world. Its platforms, all below ground, serve 30 tracks on the upper level and 26 on the lower. In total, there are 67 tracks, including a [[rail yard]] and [[Siding (rail)|sidings]]; of these, 43 tracks are in use for passenger service, while the remaining two dozen are used to store trains.{{refn|group=N|The 24 non-passenger tracks include 11 sidings that are not adjacent to any platform, and 13 tracks that are adjacent to platforms but not used in passenger service.}}

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