Editing Grasshopper (section)

{{Short description|Common name for a group of insects}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Induan]]–[[Holocene]], {{Fossil_range|250|0}}
| image = American Bird Grasshopper.jpg
| image_caption = American grasshopper (''[[Schistocerca americana]]'')
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Acridomorpha
| authority = MacLeay, 1821
| subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies
| subdivision = 
* [[Acridoidea]]
* [[Eumastacoidea]]
* [[Pneumoroidea]]
* [[Proscopioidea]]
* [[Pyrgomorphoidea]]
* [[Tanaoceroidea]]
* [[Trigonopterygoidea]]
}}

'''Grasshoppers''' are a group of [[insect]]s belonging to the [[suborder]] [[Caelifera]]. They are amongst what are possibly the most ancient living groups of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the [[early Triassic]] around 250 million years ago.

Grasshoppers are typically ground-dwelling insects with powerful hind legs which allow them to escape from threats by leaping vigorously. Their front legs are shorter and used for grasping food. As [[hemimetabolous]] insects, they do not undergo [[complete metamorphosis]]; they hatch from an egg into a [[Nymph (biology)|nymph]] or "hopper" which undergoes five [[moult]]s, becoming more similar to the adult insect at each developmental stage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=grasshopper {{!}} Description, Features, & Species |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/grasshopper-insect |access-date=29 September 2021 |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> The grasshopper hears through the tympanal organ which can be found in the first segment of the abdomen attached to the thorax; while its sense of vision is in the compound eyes, a change in light intensity is perceived in the simple eyes (ocelli). At high population densities and under certain environmental conditions, some grasshopper species can change colour and behavior and form swarms. Under these circumstances, they are known as [[locust]]s.

Grasshoppers are plant-eaters, with a few species at times becoming serious [[pest (organism)|pest]]s of cereals, vegetables and pasture, especially when they swarm in the millions as locusts and destroy crops over wide areas. They protect themselves from [[predator]]s by [[camouflage]]; when detected, many species attempt to [[Deimatic behaviour|startle]] the predator with a brilliantly coloured wing flash while jumping and (if adult) launching themselves into the air, usually flying for only a short distance. Other species such as the [[rainbow grasshopper]] have [[warning coloration]] which deters predators. Grasshoppers are affected by parasites and various diseases, and many predatory creatures feed on both nymphs and adults. The eggs are subject to attack by [[parasitoid]]s and predators. Grasshoppers are diurnal insects, meaning they are most active during the day time.

Grasshoppers have had a long relationship with humans. Swarms of locusts can have devastating effects and cause famine, having done so since [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|Biblical times]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nuwer |first=Rachel |author-link=Rachel Nuwer |date=6 March 2013 |title=A Plague of Locusts Descends Upon the Holy Land, Just in Time for Passover |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/a-plague-of-locusts-descends-upon-the-holy-land-just-in-time-for-passover-779476/ |website=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |language=en |access-date=2021-05-06}}</ref> Even in smaller numbers, the insects can be serious pests. They are used as food in countries such as Mexico and Indonesia. They feature in art, symbolism and literature. The study of grasshopper species is called [[acridology]].