Editing Greece (section)

{{short description|Country in Southeast Europe}}
{{About}}
{{Redirect|Hellenic Republic}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox country
| coordinates            = {{Coord|37|58|N|23|43|E|type:city}}
| languages_type         = Official language<br />{{nobold|and national language}}
| leader_name2           = [[Kyriakos Mitsotakis]]
| leader_name3           = [[Nikitas Kaklamanis]]
| leader_name4           = 
| conventional_long_name = Hellenic Republic
| native_name            = {{native name|el|Ελληνική Δημοκρατία|italics=off}}<br />{{small|{{transliteration|el|Ellinikí Dimokratía}}}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Greece.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Greece.svg
| coa_size               = 90
| common_name            = Greece
| national_motto         = {{lang|el|Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος}}<br />{{transliteration|el|Elefthería í Thánatos}}<br />(English: "[[Eleftheria i thanatos|Freedom or Death]]")
| national_anthem        = {{lang|el|Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν}}<br />{{transliteration|el|Ímnos is tin Eleftherían}}<br />(English: "[[Hymn to Liberty]]")<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:Greece national anthem.ogg]]}}</div>
| image_map              = {{switcher|[[File:EU-Greece (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:EU-Greece.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Europe|default=1}}
| map_caption            = {{map caption
| location_color = dark green
| region = Europe
| region_color = dark grey
| subregion = the [[European Union]]
| subregion_color = light green
}}
| capital                = [[Athens]]
| largest_city           = capital
| languages              = [[Greek language|Greek]]
| religion               = {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* 93% [[Christianity]]
** 90% [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodoxy]] ([[State religion|official]]){{efn|The [[Church of Greece]] is recognized by the Greek Constitution as the prevailing religion in Greece,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Constitution of Greece: Section II Relations of Church and State: Article 3 |url=http://www.hri.org/docs/syntagma/artcl25.html#A3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002214338/http://www.hri.org/docs/syntagma/artcl25.html#A3 |archive-date=2 October 2017 }} [http://www.hri.org/ Hellenic Resources network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801193832/http://www.hri.org/docs/syntagma/artcl25.html |date=1 August 2017 }}</ref> the only country in the world where Eastern Orthodoxy is clearly recognized as a state religion.<ref name="EnyediMadeley2004">{{cite book |last1=Enyedi|first1=Zsolt|last2=Madeley|first2=John T.S. |title=Church and State in Contemporary Europe|date=2 August 2004 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135761417|page=228|quote=Both as a state church and as a national church, the Orthodox Church of Greece has a lot in common with Protestant state churches, and even with Catholicism in some countries.}}</ref>}}
**3% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|4% [[Irreligion|no religion]]
|2% [[Islam in Greece|Islam]]
|1% other<ref name="Pew2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-affiliation/|title=Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe|date=10 May 2017|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224200050/http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-affiliation/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| religion_year          = 2017
| demonym                = {{hlist|[[Greeks|Greek]]|Hellene}}
| government_type        = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]]
| leader_title1          = [[President of Greece|President]]
| leader_name1           = [[Konstantinos Tasoulas]]
| leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of Greece|Prime Minister]]
| leader_title3          = [[President of the Hellenic Parliament|President of the Parliament]]
| legislature            = [[Hellenic Parliament]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[History of Greece|Establishment history]]
| established_event1     = [[Greek War of Independence]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] <!-- PLEASE DO NOT AMEND THE ESTABLISHED EVENTS SECTION WITHOUT OPENING A DISCUSSION ON THE TALK PAGE FIRST -->
| established_date1      = {{nowrap|25 March 1821}} (traditional starting date)
| established_event2     = [[First National Assembly at Epidaurus|Official declaration]]
| established_date2      = {{nowrap|1 January 1822}}
| established_event3     = [[London Protocol (1830)|Recognition]]
| established_date3      = {{nowrap|3 February 1830}}
| established_event8     = [[Third Hellenic Republic]]
| established_date8      = {{nowrap|24 July 1974}}
| established_event9     = [[Constitution of Greece|Current constitution]]
| established_date9      = {{nowrap|11 June 1975}}
| area_km2               = 131,957
| area_footnote          = <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html?countryName=Greece&countryCode=gr&regionCode=eur&rank=97#gr |title= Country Comparison: Area |website= [[The World Factbook]] |publisher= [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date= 7 January 2013 |archive-date= 13 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201113204336/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html?countryName=Greece&countryCode=gr&regionCode=eur&rank=97#gr |url-status= dead }}</ref>
| area_rank              = 95th <!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
| area_sq_mi             = 50,949 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->
| percent_water          = 1.51 (2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_estimate    = {{decreaseNeutral}} 10,400,720 (1 January 2024)<ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Estimated Population and Migration Flows, 2024 |url=https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/b248e72c-2917-bdae-1d15-98d22787adb7 |publisher=[[Hellenic Statistical Authority]] |access-date=8 January 2025 |location=Piraeus |date=31 December 2024}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 91st
| population_census      = {{decreaseNeutral}} 10,432,481<ref>{{cite web |script-title=el:Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021 |trans-title=Results of Population-Housing Census 2021 |url=https://www.statistics.gr/news-announcements/-/asset_publisher/oj6VK3PQ0oCe/content/nws_census_results_booklet_19072022_gr |publisher=Hellenic Statistical Authority |access-date=8 January 2024 |location=Piraeus |language=el |date=19 July 2022 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606071435/https://www.statistics.gr/news-announcements/-/asset_publisher/oj6VK3PQ0oCe/content/nws_census_results_booklet_19072022_gr |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_census_year = 2021
| population_census_rank = 
| population_density_km2 = 78.9
| population_density_rank = 105th
| population_density_sq_mi = 204.4 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $467.590&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMF WEO">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=174,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2024&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=22 April 2025 |location=Washington, D.C. |date=22 April 2025}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 54th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $45,048<ref name="IMF WEO" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 47th
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $267.348&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMF WEO" />
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 50th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $25,756<ref name="IMF WEO" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 45th
| Gini                   = 31.8 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year              = 2024
| Gini_change            = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = <ref>{{cite web |title=Income inequality, 2024 |url=https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/5233dcb8-4ef8-16cd-d04f-0577c1caf548 |publisher=Hellenic Statistical Authority |access-date=16 April 2025 |location=Piraeus |date=16 April 2025}}</ref>
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.908 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year               = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change             = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref                = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>
| HDI_rank               = 34th
| currency               = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])
| currency_code          = EUR
| time_zone              = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +02:00
| utc_offset_DST         = +03:00
| time_zone_DST          = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| drives_on              = Right<ref>{{cite web |title=List of left- & right-driving countries |url=https://www.worldstandards.eu/cars/list-of-left-driving-countries/ |website=WorldStandards}}</ref>
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Greece|+30]]
| cctld                  = {{hlist|[[.gr]]|[[.gr#Alternative top domain|.ελ]]{{efn|The [[.eu]] domain is also used, shared with other European Union member states.}}}}
}}
'''Greece''',{{efn|{{langx|el|Ελλάδα|Elláda}}, {{IPA|el|eˈlaða|IPA}}, or {{langx|el|Ελλάς|Ellás|label=none}}, {{IPA|el|eˈlas|IPA}}.}} officially the '''Hellenic Republic''',{{efn|{{Langx|el|Ελληνική Δημοκρατία|translit=Ellinikí Dimokratía|links=no}}, {{IPA|el|eliniˈci ðimokraˈti.a|IPA}}.}} is a country in [[Southeast Europe]]. Located on the southern tip of the [[Balkan peninsula]], it shares land borders with [[Albania]] to the northwest, [[North Macedonia]] and [[Bulgaria]] to the north, and [[Turkey]] to the east. The [[Aegean Sea]] lies to the east of the [[Geography of Greece|mainland]], the [[Ionian Sea]] to the west, and the [[Sea of Crete]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the [[Mediterranean Basin]], spanning [[List of islands of Greece|thousands of islands]] and nine [[Geographic regions of Greece|traditional geographic regions]]. It has population of over 10 million. [[Athens]] is the nation's capital and [[List of cities and towns in Greece|its largest city]], followed by [[Thessaloniki]] and [[Patras]].

Greece is considered the cradle of [[Western culture|Western civilisation]] and the birthplace of [[Athenian democracy|democracy]], [[Western philosophy]], [[Western literature]], [[historiography]], [[political science]], major [[History of science in classical antiquity|scientific]] and [[Greek mathematics|mathematical]] principles, [[History of theatre|theatre]], and the [[Olympic Games]]. From the eighth century BC, the [[Greeks]] were organised into various independent [[city-state]]s known as ''poleis'' (singular ''[[polis]]'') that spanned the [[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean]] and [[Black Sea|Black]] seas. [[Philip II of Macedon]] [[League of Corinth|united]] most of present-day Greece in the fourth century BC, with his son [[Alexander the Great]] rapidly conquering much of the [[Ancient world map|known ancient world]] from the eastern Mediterranean to northwestern India. The subsequent [[Hellenistic period]] saw the height of [[Greek culture]] and influence in antiquity. Greece was annexed by [[Roman Republic|Rome]] in the second century BC, becoming an integral part of the [[Roman Empire]] and its continuation, the [[Byzantine Empire]], which was predominately Greek in culture and [[Medieval Greek|language]]. The [[Greek Orthodox Church]], which emerged in the first century AD, helped shape modern [[Greek identity]] and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox world]]. After the [[Fourth Crusade]] in 1204, [[Frankokratia|parts of the Greek peninsula]] came under [[Latins (Middle Ages)|Latin]] rule, but most of the area fell under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] control by the mid-15th century.

Following a protracted [[Greek War of Independence|war of independence]] launched in 1821, Greece emerged as a modern [[First Hellenic Republic|nation state]] in 1830. The [[Kingdom of Greece]] pursued gradual [[Megali Idea|territorial expansion]], which was mainly realised in the early 20th century during the [[Balkan Wars]] and up until the catastrophic defeat of its [[Asia Minor Campaign]] in 1922. A [[Second Hellenic Republic|short-lived republic]] was established in 1924 but faced [[National Schism|civil strife]] and the challenge of resettling [[Greek refugees|refugees from Turkey]]. In 1936 a [[4th of August Regime|royalist dictatorship]] inaugurated a long period of authoritarian rule, marked by [[Axis occupation of Greece|military occupation]], [[Greek civil war|civil war]] and [[Greek junta|military dictatorship]]. [[Metapolitefsi|Greece transitioned to democracy]] in 1974–75, leading to the current [[Third Hellenic Republic|parliamentary republic]].

Having achieved [[Greek economic miracle|record economic growth from 1950 through the 1970s]], Greece is a [[developed country]] with an advanced [[World Bank high-income economy|high-income economy]]. Greece was the [[1981 enlargement of the European Communities|tenth member to join]] what is today the [[European Union]] in 1981 and is part of [[Outline of Greece#International organization membership|multiple international organizations and forums]]. It has a unique cultural heritage, large [[Tourism in Greece|tourism industry]], and [[Greek shipping|prominent shipping sector]]. The country's rich historical legacy is reflected in part by its 19 [[List of World Heritage Sites in Greece|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]]. Greece was the ninth [[World Tourism Rankings|most-visited country]] in the world in 2023.