Editing Greek Revival architecture (section)

{{Short description|Architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries}}
[[File:Berlin - 0266 - 16052015 - Brandenburger Tor.jpg|thumb|[[Brandenburg Gate]] in [[Berlin]], 1791]]
[[File:NGrange1No5-2426 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Northington Grange]], an English banker's house built between 1804 and 1817]]
[[File:Yorkshire Museum.jpg|thumb|[[Yorkshire Museum]] in [[York]], England, designed by [[William Wilkins (architect)|William Wilkins]], 1830]]
'''Greek Revival architecture''' is a [[architectural style|style]] that began in the middle of the 18th century but which particularly flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in [[northern Europe]], the United States, and Canada, and Greece following that nation's independence in 1821. It revived many aspects of the forms and styles of [[ancient Greek architecture]], including the [[Greek temple]]. A product of [[Hellenism (neoclassicism)|Hellenism]], Greek Revival architecture is looked upon as the last phase in the development of [[Neoclassical architecture]], which was drawn from [[Roman architecture]]. The term was first used by [[Charles Robert Cockerell]] in a lecture he gave as an architecture professor at the [[Royal Academy of Arts]] in [[London]] in 1842.<ref>J. Turner (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of American art before 1914'', New York, p. <span class="plainlinks">[https://books.google.com/books?id=R1QYAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Cockerell+used+the+term+%27Greek+revival%27+at+least+as+early+as+1842%22 198].</span>.</ref>

With newfound access to Greece and Turkey, or initially to the books produced by the few who had visited the sites, archaeologist–architects of the period studied the [[Doric order|Doric]] and [[Ionic order|Ionic]] orders. Despite its universality rooted in ancient Greece, the Greek Revival idiom was considered an expression of local nationalism and civic virtue in each country that adopted it, and freedom from the lax detail and frivolity that then characterized the architecture of France and Italy, two countries where the style never really took architecturally. Greek Revival architecture was embraced in Great Britain, Germany, and the United States, where the idiom was regarded as being free from ecclesiastical and aristocratic associations and was appealed to each country's emerging embrace of [[classical liberalism]]. 
[[File:150214 Neue Wache Berlin.jpg|thumb|[[Neue Wache]] in Berlin, 1818]]
[[File:Propyläen - München.jpg|thumb|[[Leo von Klenze]]'s [[Propylaea (Munich)|Propylaea]] in [[Munich]], 1862]]

The taste for all things Greek in furniture and interior design, sometimes called [[Neo-Grec]], reached its peak in the beginning of the 19th century when the designs of [[Thomas Hope (1769–1831)|Thomas Hope]] influenced a number of decorative styles known variously as Neoclassical, [[Empire style|Empire]], Russian Empire, and [[Regency architecture]] in Great Britain. Greek Revival architecture took a different course in a number of countries, lasting until the 1860s and the [[American Civil War]] and later in Scotland.

[[File:Hamilton high school.jpg|thumb|[[Thomas Hamilton (architect)|Thomas Hamilton]]'s design for [[Royal High School (Edinburgh)|Royal High School]] in [[Edinburgh]], completed in 1829]]

Modern-day architects are recreating this design by building houses similar to the Greek Revival.{{Where|date=December 2024}} These houses are characterized by their symmetrical and balanced proportions, typically featuring a bold, pedimented portico with arched openings. The symmetrical façade is divided into two equal halves.