Editing Grouse (section)

{{Short description|Tribe of birds}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Grouse
| fossil_range = [[Early Miocene]] to recent
| image = SageGrouse21.jpg
| image_caption = Male [[sage grouse]]<br />''Centrocercus urophasianus''
| taxon = Tetraonini
| authority = [[William Elford Leach|Leach]], 1819
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genera]]
| subdivision = ''[[Pucrasia]]''{{refn|group=note|name=melpuc|Traditionally excluded, but recent phylogenomic data have suggested a close alliance; these species can thus be regarded as basal Tetraonini, but treatment still varies.<ref name=:0/>}}<br />
''[[Meleagris]]''{{refn|group=note|name=melpuc}}<br />
''[[Bonasa]]''<br />
''[[Tetrastes]]''<br />
''[[Centrocercus]]''<br />
''[[Dendragapus]]''<br />
''[[Tympanuchus]]''<br />
''[[Lagopus]]''<br />
''[[Falcipennis]]''<br />
''[[Canachites]]''<br />
''[[Tetrao]]''<br />
''[[Lyrurus]]''<br />

and see text
| synonyms = Tetraonidae <small>[[Nicholas Aylward Vigors|Vigors]], 1825</small><br />
Tetraoninae <small>Vigors, 1825</small>
}}
[[File:Bonasa umbellus male 253270687.jpg|thumb|A [[ruffed grouse]] found at the [[Kortright Centre for Conservation]].]]
'''Grouse''' {{IPAc-en|ɡ|r|aʊ|s}} are a group of birds from the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Galliformes]], in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Phasianidae]]. Grouse are presently assigned to the [[Tribe (biology)|tribe]] '''Tetraonini''' (formerly the subfamily '''Tetraoninae''' and the family '''Tetraonidae'''), a classification supported by [[mitochondrial DNA]] sequence studies,<ref name=Gutierrez/> and applied by the [[American Ornithologists' Union]],<ref name=AOUlist/> [[ITIS]],<ref name=ITIS/> [[International Ornithologists' Union|International Ornithological Congress]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/taxonomy/|access-date=2021-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> and others.<ref name=Boyd/><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2021-05-01|title=A phylogenomic supermatrix of Galliformes (Landfowl) reveals biased branch lengths|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790321000245|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=158|pages=107091|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107091|issn=1055-7903|last1=Kimball |first1=Rebecca T. |last2=Hosner |first2=Peter A. |last3=Braun |first3=Edward L. |pmid=33545275 |bibcode=2021MolPE.15807091K |s2cid=231963063 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> 

Grouse inhabit [[temperate]] and [[subarctic]] regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]], from [[pine trees|pine forests]] to [[moorland]] and [[mountain]]side,<ref name=EoB/> from [[83rd parallel north|83°N]] ([[rock ptarmigan]] in northern [[Greenland]]) to [[28th parallel north|28°N]] ([[Attwater's prairie chicken]] in [[Texas]]).<ref name=Firefly/> 

The [[Turkey (bird)|turkey]]s are closely allied with grouse, but they have traditionally been excluded from Tetraonini, often placed in their own tribe, subfamily, or family;<ref name=Gutierrez/><ref name=Firefly/><ref name=ssd/><ref name="eol">{{cite web | title=turkeys, grouse, pheasants, and partridges articles-Encyclopedia of Life | website=Encyclopedia of Life | date=27 April 2013 | url=https://eol.org/pages/7591/articles | ref={{sfnref | Encyclopedia of Life | 2013}} | access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref> certain more modern treatments also exclude them.<ref>{{cite web | title=Phasianidae Horsfield, 1821 | website=GBIF | url=https://www.gbif.org/species/144101034 | access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Persons | first1=Nicholas W. | last2=Hosner | first2=Peter A. | last3=Meiklejohn | first3=Kelly A. | last4=Braun | first4=Edward L. | last5=Kimball | first5=Rebecca T. | title=Sorting out relationships among the grouse and ptarmigan using intron, mitochondrial, and ultra-conserved element sequences | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=98 | year=2016 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.003 | pages=123–132| pmid=26879712 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2016MolPE..98..123P }}</ref> Later phylogenomic analyses demonstrated conclusively that they are [[Sister taxon|sister]] to the traditionally-defined grouse, and they, along with the somewhat earlier-diverging [[koklass pheasant]], may be treated as grouse (i.e., as [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] members of the Tetraonini).<ref name=:0/> This is reflected in some more recent circumscriptions.<ref name=Boyd/><ref name=eol/>