Editing Gruffudd ap Cynan (section)

{{Short description|King of Gwynedd from 1081 to 1137}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Gruffudd ap Cynan
| image        = Gruffydd ap Cynan.jpg
| image_size   = 225
| caption      = Gruffudd ap Cynan escapes from Chester<br/>Illustration by T. Prytherch, 1900
| succession   = [[List of rulers of Gwynedd|King of Gwynedd]]
| reign        = 1081–1137
|title= King of Gwynedd
| predecessor  = [[Trahaearn ap Caradog]]
| successor    = [[Owain Gwynedd]]
| spouse       = [[Angharad ferch Owain]]
| issue        = [[Cadwallon ap Gruffudd|Cadwallon]], [[Owain Gwynedd|Owain]], [[Cadwaladr ap Gruffudd|Cadwaladr]], Susanna, [[Gwenllian ferch Gruffudd|Gwenllian]], Mareda, Ranulht, Agnes
| house        = [[House of Aberffraw|Aberffraw]]
| father       = [[Cynan ab Iago]]
| mother       = Ragnailt ingen Amlaíb
| birth_date   = {{circa}} 1055
| birth_place  = [[Kingdom of Dublin|Dublin]], Ireland
| death_date   = {{death year and age|1137|1055}}
| death_place  = [[Gwynedd]], [[Wales]]
| place of burial = [[Bangor Cathedral]]
}}

'''Gruffudd ap Cynan''' ({{circa|lk=no|1055}}–1137) was [[List of rulers of Gwynedd|King of Gwynedd]] from 1081 until his death in 1137.<ref name=geni>{{cite web |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Gruffydd-ap-Cynan/6000000000424583790 |website=geni.com |title=Gruffydd ap Cynan |year=1070}}</ref> In the course of a long and eventful life, he became a key figure in Welsh resistance to [[House of Normandy|Norman]] rule.

As a descendant of [[Rhodri Mawr]] (Rhodri the Great), Gruffudd ap Cynan was a senior member of the princely [[House of Aberffraw]].{{sfn|Lloyd|2004|p=93}}<ref name="DWB" /> Through his mother, Gruffudd had close family connections with the [[Norsemen|Norse]] settlement around [[Dublin]] and he frequently used [[Ireland]] as a refuge and as a source of troops.<ref name="DWB"/> He three times gained the throne of Gwynedd and then lost it again, before regaining it once more in 1099 and this time keeping power until his death. Gruffudd laid the foundations which were built upon by his son [[Owain Gwynedd]] and his great-grandson [[Llywelyn ab Iorwerth]] (Llywelyn the Great).