Editing Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (section)

{{short description|Military base of the United States Navy}}
{{redirect|Gitmo|the detention center on the naval base|Guantanamo Bay detention camp}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name          = Naval Station Guantanamo Bay
| ensign        = 
| ensign_size   = 
| native_name   = Leeward Point Field
| partof        = <!-- for elements within a larger site -->
| location      = [[Guantánamo Bay]]
| nearest_town  = <!-- used in military test site infobox -->
| country       = [[Cuba]]
| image         = File:US Navy 100506-N-8241M-191 An aerial view of Bulkeley Hall at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Bulkeley Hall is the naval station headquarters and administration building.jpg
| alt           = 
| caption       = Aerial view of Bulkeley Hall, the headquarters and administration building at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
| image2        = [[File:Seal of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.svg|175px]]
| alt2          = 
| caption2      = 
| type          = [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]] base
| coordinates   = {{coord|19|55|03|N|75|09|36|W|display=inline,title}}
| gridref       = 
| image_map     = 
| image_mapsize = 
| image_map_alt = 
| image_map_caption = 
| pushpin_map   = Cuba
| pushpin_mapsize = 
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in [[Cuba]]
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_image = 
| pushpin_label = NS Guantanamo Bay
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_mark  = 
| pushpin_marksize = 
| ownership     = [[Politics of Cuba|Government of Cuba]] <small>(''[[de jure]]'')</small><br>[[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]]  <small>(''[[de facto]]'')</small>
| operator      = [[United States Navy]]
| controlledby  = [[Navy Region Southeast]]
| open_to_public = <!-- for out of use sites/sites with museums etc -->
| site_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| site_other    = <!-- for other sorts of facilities – radar types etc -->
| site_area     = <!-- area of site m2, km2 square mile etc -->
| code          = <!--facility/installation code, applies to US -->
| built         = {{Start date|1903}}
| used          = 1903 – present <!--{{End date|1946}} -->
| builder       = 
| materials     = 
| height        = <!-- height of tallest part, not above sea level -->
| length        = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
| fate          = <!--changed from demolished parameter-->
| condition     = Operational
| battles       = 
| events        = 
| current_commander = [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] Mike "Heavin'" Stephen
| past_commanders = <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
| garrison      = [[Joint Task Force Guantanamo]]
| occupants     = <!-- squadrons only -->
| designations  = 
| website       = {{official url}}
<!-- begin airfield information  -->| IATA          = NBW
| ICAO          = MUGM
| FAA           = 
| TC            = 
| LID           = 
| GPS           = 
| WMO           = 783670
| elevation     = {{Convert|17|m|0|sp=us}}
| r1-number     = 10/28
| r1-length     = {{Convert|2438|m|0|sp=us}}
| r1-surface    = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| h1-number     = 
| h1-length     = <!-- {{Convert| |m|0}} -->
| h1-surface    = 
| airfield_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| airfield_other = <!-- for other sorts of airfield facilities -->
<!--  end airfield information   -->| footnotes     = <!-- catchall in case it's needed to preserve something in infobox that doesn't work in new code -->
}}

'''Guantanamo Bay Naval Base''' ({{langx|es|Base Naval de la Bahía de Guantánamo}}), officially known as '''Naval Station Guantanamo Bay''' or '''NSGB''', (also called '''GTMO''', pronounced '''Gitmo''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|ɪ|t|m|oʊ}} {{respell|GIT|moh}} as jargon  by members of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_040813-N-6939M-002_Commissions_building_courtroom_at_Guantanamo_Bay,_Cuba.jpg|title=File:US Navy 040813-N-6939M-002 Commissions building courtroom at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.jpg|date=13 August 2004}}</ref>) is a United States military base located on {{convert|45|sqmi|km2|0}} of land and water<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/guantanamo/article2163210.html |work=Miami Herald |date=October 25, 2018 |first=Carol |last=Rosenberg |title=Guantánamo By the Numbers |accessdate=April 15, 2021 |quote=Size of Navy base: 45 square miles, straddling Guantánamo Bay, from prison camp to air strip. }}</ref> on the shore of [[Guantánamo Bay]] at the southeastern end of [[Cuba]]. It has been leased to the United States with no end date since 1903 as a [[Fuelling station|coaling station]] and [[naval base]], making it the oldest overseas U.S. naval base.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/15/why-the-u-s-base-at-cubas-guantanamo-bay-is-probably-doomed/| title= Why the U.S. base at Cuba's Guantanamo Bay is probably doomed | newspaper=Washington Post| access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref> The lease was $2,000 in gold per year until 1934, when the payment was set to [[Gold Reserve Act|match the value of gold in dollars]];<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sweeney, Joseph C. |date=2006 |title=Guantanamo and U.S. Law |journal= Fordham International Law Journal|volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=22}}</ref> in 1974, the yearly lease was set to $4,085.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Elsea|first1=Jennifer K.|last2=Else|first2=Daniel H.|title=Naval Station Guantanamo Bay: History and Legal Issues Regarding Its Lease Agreements|date=17 November 2016|publisher=Congressional Research Service|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R44137.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905184852/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R44137.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-05 |url-status=live|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=May 2024}} 

Since [[Cuban Revolution|taking power in 1959]], the Cuban government has consistently protested against the U.S. presence on Cuban soil, arguing that the base was imposed on Cuba by force and is illegal under international law. Since 2002, the naval base has contained [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|a military prison]], for alleged [[unlawful combatant]]s captured in [[Afghanistan]], [[Iraq]], and other places during the [[War on Terror]]. Cases of alleged [[torture]] of prisoners<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foia2.fbi.gov/guantanamo/detainees.pdf|title=GTMO CTD Inspection Special Inquiry|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation|access-date=26 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721040019/http://foia2.fbi.gov/guantanamo/detainees.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> by the U.S. military, and their denial of protection under the [[Geneva Conventions]], have been criticized.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/features/ihavearightto/four_b/casestudy_art10.shtml| title=Article 10: Right to fair public hearing by independent tribunal| publisher=BBC World Service| access-date=3 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cubaminrex.cu/English/60CDH/CDH60_Agenda%20Item%2017%20Base%20Naval.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040604060246/http://www.cubaminrex.cu/English/60CDH/CDH60_Agenda%20Item%2017%20Base%20Naval.htm |title=Agenda Item 17 base naval|archive-date=4 June 2004|publisher=cubaminrex.cu}}</ref> The base has been a focal point for debates over [[civil liberties]], notably influenced by the landmark 2008 [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] decision in ''[[Boumediene v. Bush]]''. This ruling affirmed the [[constitutional right]] of detainees to challenge their detention through [[habeas corpus]], highlighting the ongoing tensions between [[national security]] measures and fundamental civil liberties.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Carlisle |first=Madeleine |date=2021-09-11 |title=How 9/11 Radically Expanded The Power of the U.S. Government |url=https://time.com/6096903/september-11-legal-history/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yoo |first=John |date=June 17, 2008 |title=The Supreme Court Goes to War |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121366596327979497 |website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

The 1903 lease has no fixed expiration date;<ref>{{cite magazine | magazine=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |access-date = 5 June 2018 | title = How Did the U.S. Get a Naval Base in Cuba? | date= 18 January 2002 | first= Chris | last = Suellentrop | url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2002/01/how-did-the-u-s-get-a-naval-base-in-cuba.html}}</ref> as such, it could only be ended if the US Navy decided to abandon the area or both countries agreed mutually to end the lease.