Editing Gush Emunim (section)

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{{Short description|Israeli ultranationalist movement}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Gush Emunim
| native_name      = {{Nobold|{{Script/Hebrew|גּוּשׁ אֱמוּנִים}}}}
| name_alt         = 
| logo             = File:Gush Emunim.png
| logo_alt         = 
| colorcode        = black
| leader           = Zvi Yehuda Kook (1974-1982)
| successor        = [[Yesha Council]]
| wing1_title      = Armed body
| wing1            = [[Jewish Underground]]
| wing2_title      = Settlement body
| wing2            = [[Amana (organization)|Amana]]
| wing3_title      = Political party
| wing3            = [[National Religious Party]]
| president        = 
| chairperson      = 
| secretary        = 
| general_secretary = 
| first_secretary  = 
| secretary_general = 
| presidium        = 
| governing_body   = [[Hanan Porat]] <br> [[Moshe Levinger]] <br> [[Shlomo Aviner]] <br> [[Menachem Froman]] <br> [[Yoel Bin-Nun]] <br> [[Yaakov Ariel]]
| standing_committee = 
| spokesperson     = 
| founder          = [[Zvi Yehuda Kook]] <br> [[Haim Drukman]]
| dissolved        = Ceased operations by 2010
| founded          = {{start date and age|1974|02|}}
| headquarters     = 
| ideology         = [[Neo-Zionism]] <br> [[Religious Zionism]] <br> [[Messianism#Judaism|Jewish messianism]] <br> [[Jewish fundamentalism]] <br> [[Halachic state]] <br> [[Israeli settlement|Settler interests]]
| religion         = [[Orthodox Judaism]]
| international    = 
| website          = 
| country          = Israel, [[West Bank]], [[Gaza Strip]]
}}
{{Israelis}}

'''Gush Emunim''' ({{langx|he|גּוּשׁ אֱמוּנִים}}{{ltr}}, lit. "Bloc of the Faithful") was an Israeli [[ultranationalist]]<ref name= Time78>{{cite magazine |title= World: Two Standards of Justice |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date= 21 August 1978 |quote= High on a hilltop above the valleys of the West Bank, 35 families belonging to Israel's ultranationalist Gush Emunim are building a new settlement named Beth-El. They claim that 120 Jewish families are waiting to move into the settlement, nine miles north of Jerusalem, in territory that Israel has occupied since the 1967 war. There are plans for schools, a religious study center, an industrial area and even a holiday resort. |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919803,00.html |access-date= 5 June 2022}}</ref> [[Religious Zionism|religious Zionist]]<ref name= Aran>{{cite book |surname= Aran |given= Gideon |chapter= Jewish Zionist Fundamentalism: The Bloc of the Faithful in Israel (Gush Emunim) |chapter-url={{Google books|id=qd5yzP5hdiEC|plainurl=y|page=265|keywords=|text=}} |editor-surname=Marty |editor-given=Martin E. |editor-link=Martin E. Marty |editor-surname2=Appleby |editor-given2=R. Scott |editor-link2=R. Scott Appleby |year=1991 |title=Fundamentalisms Observed |series=[[Fundamentalism Project|The Fundamentalism Project]], 1 |place=Chicago, Il; London |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=265–344 |url={{Google books|id=qd5yzP5hdiEC|plainurl=y|page=}} |isbn=0-226-50878-1}}</ref> [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]]<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Sprinzak|Sprinzak, Ehud]] |chapter= From Messianic Pioneering to Vigilante Terrorism: The Case of the Gush Emunim Underground |year= 2013 |title= Inside Terrorist Organizations |editor= David C. Rapoport |publisher= Routledge |pages= 194-215 [see 194] |isbn= 978-1135311780 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9d79AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA194 |access-date= 25 April 2025}}</ref> [[right-wing]] [[Jewish fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] activist<ref name= Aran/><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Kedem |first1= Peri |last2= Bilu |first2= Amos |last3= Cohen (Lizer) |first3= Zila |title= Dogmatism, Ideology, and Right-Wing Radical Activity |date= March 1987 |volume= 8 |number= 1 |journal=[[Political Psychology]] |publisher=[[International Society of Political Psychology]] |pages= 35–47 |doi=10.2307/3790985 |jstor= 3790985 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3790985 |access-date= 25 April 2025|url-access= subscription }}</ref> movement committed to establishing [[Israeli settlement|Jewish settlements]] in the [[West Bank]], [[Gaza Strip]], and the [[Golan Heights]].<ref>{{cite web |last= Sprinzak |first= Ehud |title= Fundamentalism, Terrorism, and Democracy: The Case of the Gush Emunim Underground |date= 16 September 1986 |url=http://www.geocities.com/alabasters_archive/gush_underground.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040628121411/http://www.geocities.com/alabasters_archive/gush_underground.html |archive-date= 28 June 2004}} Originally presented for discussion at a colloquium at [[The Wilson Center]] on 16 September 1986.</ref> Gush Emunim, as of 2010, had never been formally disbanded,<ref name= Taub>{{Cite book |last= Taub |first= Gadi |title= The settlers: and the struggle over the meaning of Zionism |year= 2010 |publisher= Yale University Press |location= New Haven |isbn=978-0-300-16863-1 |doi= 10.12987/9780300168631 |s2cid= 246119479 |oclc= 806012532 |url= https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.12987/9780300168631}}</ref> but it has nevertheless officially ceased to exist.<ref name= Allen>{{cite web |last= Allen |first= Katherine |title= The Ideological Resonance of Zionist Fundamentalism in Israeli Society |date= 15 June 2005 |url=http://www.sais-jhu.edu/sebin/q/t/ReligiousZionismAllen.pdf |access-date=28 February 2013 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316194140/http://www.sais-jhu.edu/sebin/q/t/ReligiousZionismAllen.pdf |archive-date= 16 March 2012}} Final paper in Behavioral Sociology of Identity Conflict, Spring 2005, at the School of Advanced International Studies, [[Johns Hopkins University]].</ref>{{page needed |date= April 2025}}

While not formally established as an organization until 1974 in the wake of the [[Yom Kippur War]], Gush Emunim sprang out of the conquests of the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, encouraging Jewish settlement of the [[land of Israel]] based on two points, one religious and one practical. The religious point was a belief that, according to the [[Torah]], [[God in Judaism|God]] wants the [[Jewish people]] to live in the [[land of Israel]] and had returned lands such as the biblical [[Judea]] and [[Samaria]] as an opportunity for the Jewish people to return to their [[ancestral home]]land.<ref>Analyses of Gush Emunim have been carried out by [[David Newman (political geographer) |David Newman]]. See:
* D. Newman, "Gush Emunim", ''Encyclopaedia Judaica Decennial Yearbook'', 1994, pp. 171-172, Keter Publishers.
* D. Newman, "Gush Emunim: Between Fundamentalism and Pragmatism", ''[[Jerusalem Quarterly]]'', '''39''', 1986, pp. 33-43.
* {{Cite journal |last= Newman |first= David |author-link= David Newman (political geographer) |title= From ''Hitnachalut'' to ''Hitnatkut'': The Impact of Gush Emunim and the Settlement Movement on Israeli Society |year= 2005 |journal=[[Israel Studies]] |volume= 10 |issue= 3 |pages= 192–224, 204 |doi= 10.1353/is.2005.0132 |s2cid= 35442481 |issn= 1527-201X |url= https://muse.jhu.edu/article/189534|url-access= subscription }}.
* See also T. Hermann & D. Newman, "Extra Parliamentarism in Israel: A Comparative Study of Peace Now and Gush Emunim", ''[[Middle Eastern Studies]]'', '''28''' (3), 1992, pp. 509-530.</ref><ref name= YKH>{{cite book |last= Klein Halevi |first= Yossi |author-link= Yossi Klein Halevi |chapter= Like Dreamers |orig-year= 2013 |editor= Yehuda Kurtzer |editor2= Claire E. Sufrin |title= The New Jewish Canon |year= 2020 |series= Emunot: Jewish Philosophy and Kabbalah |pages= 221–226 |publisher= Academic Studies Press |jstor= j.ctv1zjg9h6 |doi=10.2307/j.ctv1zjg9h6.40 |isbn= 978-1-64469-360-5 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1zjg9h6.40 |access-date= 25 February 2022}}</ref> The second point stemmed from a concern that the [[pre-1967 borders]], a mere {{convert|10|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} wide at its narrowest point, were indefensible, especially in the long term, and it was therefore necessary to ensure that the land captured in the Six-Day War remained under Israeli control by creating a Jewish presence in the region and placing "facts on the ground".<ref>{{Cite web |title= Israel – Geography |website=U.S. Library of Congress |url=http://countrystudies.us/israel/34.htm}}</ref><ref name= YKH/> While Gush Emunim no longer exists officially, vestiges of its influence remain in [[Politics of Israel|Israeli politics]] and society.<ref name= Allen/><ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica: Volume 8, p. 145</ref>