Editing Gustav Landauer (section)

{{Short description|German anarchist, editor (1870–1919)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
 |name          = Gustav Landauer
 |image         = Gustav Landauer (cropped).jpg
 |image_upright = yes
 |caption       = Landauer in 1892
 |birth_date    = {{birth date|1870|04|07|df=y}}
 |birth_place   = [[Karlsruhe]], Grand Duchy of Baden
 |death_date    = {{death date and age|1919|05|02|1870|04|07|df=y}}
 |death_place   = [[Munich]], Bavarian Soviet Republic
 |spouse        = [[Hedwig Lachmann]]
}}
{{Socialism sidebar|intellectuals}}

'''Gustav Landauer''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlandaʊɐ|lang}}; 7 April 1870&nbsp;– 2 May 1919) was one of the leading theorists on [[anarchism in Germany]] at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. He was an advocate of [[social anarchism]]. As an avowed [[pacifist]], Landauer advocated the principle of "[[Nonviolent resistance|non-violent]] non-cooperation"<ref>{{Citation |last1=Bartolf |first1=Christian |title=Gustav Landauer and the Revolutionary Principle of Non-violent Non-cooperation |date=2019 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13917-9_11 |work=The German Revolution and Political Theory |pages=215–235 |editor-last=Kets |editor-first=Gaard |access-date=2023-11-10 |series=Marx, Engels, and Marxisms |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-13917-9_11 |isbn=978-3-030-13917-9 |last2=Miething |first2=Dominique |editor2-last=Muldoon |editor2-first=James|url-access=subscription }}</ref> in the tradition of [[Étienne de La Boétie]] and [[Leo Tolstoy]].

In 1919, he briefly served as Commissioner of Enlightenment and Public Instruction in the short-lived [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]] during the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0012_0_11828.html| author=Samuel Hugo Bergman and Noam Zadoff| title=Landauer, Gustav| publisher=Jewish Virtual Library/Encyclopedia Judaica| access-date=November 21, 2014}}</ref> He was murdered by right-wing paramilitary ([[Freikorps]]) soldiers when this republic was overthrown.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brüning |first=Rainer |date=2019 |title=Die Ermordung von Gustav Landauer am 2. Mai 1919 in München. Ein Aktenfund im Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe |url=https://d-nb.info/1267916605/34 |journal=Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins |volume=167 |pages=213–249}}</ref>

Landauer is also known for his study of [[metaphysics]] and religion, and his translations of [[William Shakespeare]]'s and [[Peter Kropotkin]]'s<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://anarchistischebibliothek.org/library/peter-kropotkin-gegenseitige-hilfe-in-der-tier-und-menschenwelt |title=Gegenseitige Hilfe in der Tier- und Menschenwelt |language=de |trans-title=Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution (1902) |access-date=2024-12-10}}</ref> works into German.