Editing Gutnish (section)

{{Short description|North Germanic language}}
{{Redirect-distinguish2|Gutamål|[[Gotlandic]], the local Swedish dialect spoken on Gotland and Fårö, or [[Götamål]], the dialects of Swedish spoken in the Götaland provinces}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Gutnish
| altname = {{flatlist|
* Gutnic}}
| nativename = {{flatlist|
* {{lang|gmq-SE|Gutiske}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.gutamal.org/ordlista/?ord=gotland&sok=S%C3%B6k&sprak=svenska&urval=start | title=Gutamålsgillets Årdliste / Ordlista | date=14 October 2012 | access-date=2 May 2022 | archive-date=19 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102624/https://gutamal.org/ordlista/?ord=gotland&sok=S%C3%B6k&sprak=svenska&urval=start | url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{lang|sv|Gutamål}}}}
| states = [[Sweden]]
| region = [[Gotland]], [[Fårö]]
| speakers = ~2,000–5,000
| date = 1998
| ref = <ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.gutamal.org:80/gillet/faq|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828130434/http://www.gutamal.org/gillet/faq|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2012|title=Vanliga frågor (faq)|date=28 August 2012|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="UNESCO"/>
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]]
| fam4 = East Scandinavian<ref name=Konig2013>{{cite book |last1=König |first1=Ekkehard |last2=Auwera |first2=Johan van der |title=The Germanic Languages |date=16 December 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-79958-0 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DVBdAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22gutnish%22+%22east+scandinavian%22&pg=PA5 |language=en}}</ref>
| ancestor = [[Old Norse]]
| ancestor2 = [[Old East Norse]]
| ancestor3 = [[Old Gutnish]]
| dia1 = {{ubl|Mainland Gutnish (Laumål)|[[Fårömål dialect|Fårö Gutnish]] (Faroymal)}}
| iso3 = none
| linglist = swe-lau
| glotto = gutn1238
| glottorefname = Archaic Gutnish
| glotto2 = laum1238
| glottorefname2 = Laumål
| map = Lang Status 60-DE.svg
| mapcaption = {{center|{{small|Gutnish is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'' (2010).<ref name="Evans 2011">{{cite web | last=Evans | first=Lisa | title=Endangered languages: the full list | website=The Guardian | date=15 April 2011 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered | access-date=28 February 2023 | archive-date=27 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127015526/http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered | url-status=live }}</ref>}}}} 
}}

'''Gutnish''' ({{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|ɡ|uː|t|n|ɪ|ʃ}} {{respell|GOOT|nish}}),<ref name="MerWeb">{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Gutnish|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref> or rarely '''Gutnic'''<ref name="MerWeb"/> ({{langx|sv|gutniska}} or {{lang|sv|gutamål}}), is a [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic language]] spoken sporadically on the islands of [[Gotland]] and [[Fårö]].<ref name=e18>{{e18|swe|Swedish}}</ref> The different dialects of Gutnish, while stemming from the [[Old Gutnish]] ({{langx|sv|Forngutniska}}) variety of [[Old Norse]], are sometimes considered part of modern Swedish. Gutnish exists in two variants, Mainland Gutnish (''Storlandsgutamål'' or ''Storlandsmål''), mostly spoken in the southern and southeastern portion of Gotland, where the dialect of [[Lau, Gotland|Lau]] became the standard form on the Main Island (''Lau Gutnish'' → ''Laumål''), and [[Fårömål dialect|Fårö Gutnish]] (Gutnish: ''Faroymal''; {{langx|sv|Fårömål}}), spoken on the island of [[Fårö]]. [[UNESCO]] defines Gutnish as a "[[List of endangered languages in Europe|definitely endangered language]]" as of 2010.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite book |year=2010 |editor-last=Moseley |editor-first=Christopher |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/ |series=Memory of Peoples |edition=3rd |location=Paris |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |isbn=978-92-3-104096-2 |access-date=11 April 2015 |archive-date=13 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213064456/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Some features of Gutnish include the preservation of Old Norse diphthongs like ''ai'' in for instance {{lang|gmq-SE|stain}} ({{langx|sv|sten}}; English: ''stone'') and ''oy'' in for example {{lang|gmq-SE|doy}} ({{langx|sv|dö}}; English: ''die''). There is also a [[triphthong]] that exists in no other Norse languages: ''iau'' as in {{lang|gmq-SE|skiaute}}/{{lang|gmq-SE|skiauta}} ({{langx|sv|skjuta}}; English: ''shoot'').

Many Gotlanders do not understand Gutnish, and speak [[Gotlandic]] ({{langx|sv|gotländska}}), a Gutnish-influenced Swedish dialect.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://urplay.se/program/218301-svenska-forklarad-gutamal-och-gotlandska|title=Svenska förklarad: Gutamål och gotländska &#124; UR Play|website=urplay.se|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001131256/https://urplay.se/program/218301-svenska-forklarad-gutamal-och-gotlandska|url-status=live}}</ref>

There are major efforts to revive the traditional version of Modern Gutnish and [[:sv: Gutamålsgillet|Gutamålsgillet]], the Gutnish Language Guild, organizes classes and meetings for speakers of traditional Gutnish. According to the guild's webpage, there are now 1,500 people using Gutnish on Facebook.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gotland.net/bo-leva/arkiv/gutamal-gutniska-gotlandska|title=Description of Gutnish on Gotland Tourism Website|access-date=24 May 2015|archive-date=14 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914124924/http://www.gotland.net/bo-leva/arkiv/gutamal-gutniska-gotlandska|url-status=live}}</ref>