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Gwichʼin language
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{{short description|Athabaskan language of the Gwich’in indigenous people}} {{Infobox language | name = Gwichʼin | nativename = {{lang|gwi|Dinjii Zhuʼ Ginjik}} | states = [[Canada]], [[United States]] | region = [[Canada]] ([[Northwest Territories]], [[Yukon]]), [[United States]] ([[Alaska]]) | ethnicity = 3,000 [[Gwichʼin people]] (2007) | speakers = ca. 560 | date = 2007–2016 | ref = e21 | familycolor = Dené-Yeniseian | fam2 = [[Na-Dené languages|Na-Dené]] | fam3 = [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] | fam4 = [[Northern Athabaskan languages|Northern Athabaskan]] | iso2 = gwi | iso3 = gwi | glotto = gwic1235 | glottorefname = Gwich'in | dia1 = Western | dia2 = Eastern | script = Latin (Northern Athabaskan alphabet) | nation = Canada (Northwest Territories)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nwtlanguagescommissioner.ca/pdf/Official_Languages_Map.pdf|title=Official Languages of the Northwest Territories|accessdate=Jun 14, 2021|archive-date=March 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323114247/http://www.nwtlanguagescommissioner.ca/pdf/Official_Languages_Map.pdf|url-status=usurped |website=Office of the Northwest Territories Official Languages Commissioner}}</ref><br>United States(Alaska)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/04/21/305688602/alaska-oks-bill-making-native-languages-official|title=Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official|work=npr|accessdate=Jun 14, 2021|first=Bill|last=Chappell|department=The Two-Way}}</ref> | notice = IPA | map = Lang Status 40-SE.svg | mapcaption = {{center|{{small|Gwich'in is classified as Severely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}} }} {{Infobox ethnonym|people=[[Gwichʼin|Dinjii Zhuu Gwichʼin]]|language='''Dinju Zhuh Kʼyuu'''|country=Gwichʼin Nành,<br />[[Denendeh|Denendeh<br />ᑌᓀᐣᑌᐧ]]}} [[File:WIKITONGUES- Allan speaking Gwich'in.webm|thumb|Allan Hayton reciting the story {{lang|gwi|"Tǫǫ Oozhrii Zhìt Tsyaa Tsal Dhidii"}} (Boy in the Moon) in Gwich'in.]] [[File:Teetl'it Zheh - Fort McPherson Gwich'in - Sign in Mike Zubko International Airport - Inuvik - Northwest Territories - Canada.jpg|thumb|A sign in the [[Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories|Fort McPherson]] identifies the city by its original Gwichʼin name, {{lang|gwi|Teetł'it Zheh}}]] The '''Gwichʼin language''' ({{lang|gwi|Dinju Zhuh Kʼyuu}})<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/gwi|title=Gwichʼin|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-03-15|language=en}}</ref> belongs to the [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan language]] family and is spoken by the [[Gwich'in]] First Nation (Canada) / [[Alaska Natives|Alaska Native]] People (United States). It is also known in older or dialect-specific publications as '''Kutchin''', '''Takudh''', '''Tukudh''', or '''Loucheux'''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDonald |first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert McDonald (missionary) |title=A Grammar of the Tukudh Language |date=1972 |orig-date=1911 |publisher=Department of Education, Government of the Northwest Territories |location=Yellowknife, NT |url=https://gwichin.ca/sites/default/files/gnwt_mcdonald_1972_a_grammar_0f_the_tukudh_language_1911.pdf |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> Gwich'in is spoken primarily in the towns of [[Inuvik]], [[Aklavik]], [[Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories|Fort McPherson]] (aka ''Teetł'it Zheh)'', and [[Tsiigehtchic]] (formerly Arctic Red River), all in the [[Northwest Territories]] and [[Old Crow, Yukon|Old Crow]] in [[Yukon]] of Canada.<ref name=":4">{{cite book |last1=Firth |first1=William G. |title=Teetłʼit Gwìchʼin Kʼyùu Gwiʼdìnehtłʼèe Nagwant Trʼagwàłtsàii |date=2010 |orig-date=1991 |publisher=Department of Culture and Communications, Government of the Northwest Territories |isbn=978-1-896337-12-8 |edition=2nd |url=https://gwichin.ca/sites/default/files/gsci_firth_2010_junior_teetlit_gwichin_dictionary_1991.pdf |trans-title=A Junior Dictionary of the Teetl'it Gwich'in Language}}</ref> In [[Alaska]] of the United States, Gwichʼin is spoken in [[Fort Yukon, Alaska|Fort Yukon]], [[Chalkyitsik, Alaska|Chalkyitsik]], [[Birch Creek, Alaska|Birch Creek]], [[Venetie, Alaska|Venetie]] and [[Arctic Village, Alaska|Arctic Village]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ynlc.ca/gwichin.shtml|title=Yukon Native Language Centre|website=Yukon Native Language Centre|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315200124/http://ynlc.ca/gwichin.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[ejective consonant|ejective]] [[affricate consonant|affricate]] in the name ''Gwichʼin'' is usually written with symbol {{unichar|2019|RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK}}, though the correct character for this use (with expected glyph '''and''' typographic properties) is {{unichar|02BC|MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE}}.
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