Editing Gyrotron (section)

{{For|the former Montreal amusement park ride|La Ronde (amusement park)}}
{{Short description|Vacuum tube which generates high-frequency radio waves}}
[[file:W7-X gyrotron.jpg|thumb|High-power 140 GHz gyrotron for plasma heating in the [[Wendelstein 7-X]] fusion experiment, Germany.]]
A '''gyrotron''' is a class of high-power linear-beam [[vacuum tube]]s that generates [[millimeter wave|millimeter-wave]] electromagnetic waves by the [[Cyclotron motion#Cyclotron resonance|cyclotron resonance]] of [[electron]]s in a strong [[magnetic field]]. Output [[Frequency|frequencies]] range from about 20 to 527 [[GHz]],<ref name=Richards2010>{{cite book|last=Richards|first=Mark A.|author2=William A. Holm|year=2010|title=Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nD7tGAAACAAJ&q=principles+of+modern+radar:+basic+principles|chapter=Power Sources and Amplifiers|publisher=SciTech Pub., 2010|pages=360|isbn=978-1891121524}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Blank|first1=M.|last2=Borchard|first2=P.|last3=Cauffman|first3=S.|last4=Felch|first4=K.|last5=Rosay|first5=M.|last6=Tometich|first6=L.|title=2013 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) |chapter=Experimental demonstration of a 527 GHZ gyrotron for dynamic nuclear polarization |date=2013-06-01|pages=1|doi=10.1109/PLASMA.2013.6635226|isbn=978-1-4673-5171-3|s2cid=31007942}}</ref> covering wavelengths from [[microwave]] to the edge of the [[terahertz gap]]. Typical output [[Power (physics)|power]]s range from tens of [[kilowatt]]s to 1–2 [[megawatt]]s. Gyrotrons can be designed for pulsed or continuous operation. The gyrotron was invented by [[Science and technology in the Soviet Union|Soviet scientists]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kzkrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51 ''High-Magnetic-Field Research and Facilities''] (1979). Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. p. 51.</ref> at [[Radiophysical Research Institute|NIRFI]], based in [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Russia]].