Editing Hadronization (section)

{{short description|Process by which hadrons are formed}}
'''Hadronization''' (or '''hadronisation''') is the process of the formation of [[hadron]]s out of [[quark]]s and [[gluon]]s. There are two main branches of hadronization: [[Quark–gluon plasma|quark-gluon plasma]] (QGP) transformation<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rafelski|first=Johann|year=2015|title=Melting hadrons, boiling quarks|journal=The European Physical Journal A|language=en|volume=51|issue=9|pages=114|doi=10.1140/epja/i2015-15114-0|arxiv=1508.03260 |bibcode=2015EPJA...51..114R |issn=1434-6001|doi-access=free}}</ref> and [[Lund string model|colour string decay]] into hadrons.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Andersson, Bo, 1937-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37755081|title=The Lund model|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998|isbn=0-521-42094-6|location=Cambridge, U.K.|oclc=37755081}}</ref> The transformation of quark-gluon plasma into hadrons is studied in [[lattice QCD]] numerical simulations, which are explored in [[Relativistic heavy-ion collisions|relativistic heavy-ion]] experiments.<ref>{{Citation|last=Müller|first=Berndt|title=A New Phase of Matter: Quark-Gluon Plasma Beyond the Hagedorn Critical Temperature|work=Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks - From Hagedorn Temperature to Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN|pages=107–116|year=2016|editor-last=Rafelski|editor-first=Johann|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-17545-4_14|bibcode=2016mhbq.book..107M |isbn=978-3-319-17544-7|doi-access=free|arxiv=1501.06077}}</ref> Quark-gluon plasma hadronization occurred shortly after the [[Big Bang]] when the [[quark–gluon plasma]] cooled down to the [[Hagedorn temperature]] (about 150&nbsp;[[MeV]]) when free quarks and gluons cannot exist.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Letessier|first1=Jean|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511534997/type/book|title=Hadrons and Quark–Gluon Plasma|last2=Rafelski|first2=Johann|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-521-38536-7|edition=1|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511534997}}</ref> In string breaking new hadrons are forming out of quarks, antiquarks and sometimes gluons, spontaneously created from the [[vacuum]].<ref name=Yu1991/>