Editing Haifa (section)

{{Other uses}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Haifa
| native_name              = {{native name|he|חיפה|italics=off}}<br />{{native name|ar|حيفا|italics=off}}
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities in Israel|City]]
| image_skyline            = {{Multiple image
  | perrow = 1/3/2/2
  | border = infobox
  | total_width = 300
  | caption_align = center
  | image1 = PikiWiki_Israel_76755_haifa_lights_in_the_evening_(cropped).jpg
  | caption1 = Downtown and [[Port of Haifa]]
  | image2 = SailTower.jpg
  | caption2 = [[Sail Tower]]
  | image3 = Haifa_5694-1.jpg
  | caption3 = [[Baháʼí World Centre]]
  | image4 = Israel_Electric_Company_Building_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa.jpg
  | caption4 = [[IEC Tower]]
  | image5 = 98082 polytechnic PikiWiki Israel.jpg
  | caption5 = [[Madatech]]
  | image6 = Bat Galim neighborhood and Haifa Bay.jpg
  | caption6 = [[Bat Galim]]
  | image7 = Hadar_and_Carmel.jpg
  | caption7 = [[Hadar HaCarmel]]
  | image8 = 97600_stella_maris_monastery_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg
  | caption8 = [[Stella Maris Monastery]]
  | color = red
}}
| image_flag               = Flag of Haifa.svg
| image_blank_emblem       = [[File:Haifa coa.svg|60px]]
| blank_emblem_type        = Coat of arms
| image_map                = Printable_map_haifa_israel_g_view_level_12_eng_svg.svg
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Map of Haifa
| pushpin_map_alt          =
| pushpin_map              = Israel north haifa#Israel
| pushpin_mapsize          =
| pushpin_label_position   = left
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Israel
| coordinates              = {{coord|32|49|09|N|34|59|57|E|region:IL|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name                = Grid&nbsp;position
| grid_position            = 145/246 [[Palestine grid|PAL]]
|subdivision_type          = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name          = {{ISR}}
|subdivision_type1         = [[Districts of Israel|District]]
|subdivision_name1         = [[Northern District (Israel)|Northern]]
|subdivision_type2         = Subdistrict
|subdivision_name2         = [[Haifa Subdistrict|Haifa]]
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 1st century CE
|government_type           = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]
|governing_body            = Municipality of Haifa
| leader_title             = [[Mayor of Haifa|Mayor]]
| leader_name              = [[Yona Yahav]]
| unit_pref                = dunam
| area_total_dunam         = {{formatnum:63666|R}}
| population_footnotes     = {{Israel populations|reference}}
| population_total         = {{Israel populations|Haifa}}
| population_urban         = 600,000
| population_metro         = 1,050,000
| population_as_of         = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_demonym       = Haifan
| demographics_type1       = Ethnicity
| demographics1_footnotes  = {{Israel populations|reference}}
|  demographics1_title1    = [[Israeli Jews|Jews]]
|  demographics1_info1     = 73.1%
|  demographics1_title2    = [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arabs]]
|  demographics1_info2     = 12.1%
|  demographics1_title3    = Others
|  demographics1_info3     = 14.8%
| timezone1           = [[Israel Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1         = +2
| timezone1_DST       = [[Israel Summer Time|IDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST     = +3
| website                  = {{URL|www.haifa.muni.il/English/Pages/default.aspx|www.haifa.muni.il}}
}}

'''Haifa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|f|ə}} {{respell|HY|fə}}; {{langx|he|חיפה|Ḥēyfā}}, {{IPA|he|ˈχajfa|IPA}}; {{langx|ar|حيفا|Ḥayfā}})<ref name=Bosworth/> is the [[List of cities in Israel|third-largest city]] in Israel—after [[Jerusalem]] and [[Tel Aviv]]—with a population of {{Israel populations|Haifa}} in {{Israel populations|Year}}. The city of Haifa forms part of the [[Haifa metropolitan area]], the third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2020 |title=Localities, population and density per sq. km., by metropolitan area(1) and selected localities 2019 |url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2020/2.shnatonpopulation/st02_25.pdf |url-status=live |website=Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426212743/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2020/2.shnatonpopulation/st02_25.pdf}}</ref> It is home to the [[Baháʼí Faith]]'s [[Baháʼí World Centre]], and is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] and a destination for [[Baháʼí pilgrimage]].<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/452 |access-date=8 July 2008 |date=8 July 2008 |title=Three new sites inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List |author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |archive-date=10 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080710084936/https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/452 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Built on the slopes of [[Mount Carmel]], the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was [[Tell Abu Hawam]], a small port city established in the Late [[Bronze Age]] (14th century BCE).<ref name=Judaica>[[Encyclopaedia Judaica|Encyclopedia Judaica]], ''Haifa'', Keter Publishing, Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 7, pp. 1134–1139</ref> In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a [[Tool and die maker|dye-making]] center. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the [[Canaanites]], [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|Israelites]], [[Phoenicians]], [[Assyria]]ns, [[Neo-Babylonian Empire|Babylonians]], [[Achaemenid Empire|Persians]], [[Hasmoneans]], [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], [[Arab]]s, [[Crusades|Crusaders]], [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]], and the [[Mandatory Palestine|British]]. During the [[Battle of Haifa (1948)|Battle of Haifa]] in the [[1948 Palestine war]], most of the city's Arab population [[1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight|fled or were expelled]]. That year, the city became part of the then-newly-established state of Israel.

{{As of |2016}}, the city is a major [[Port of Haifa|seaport]] located on Israel's [[Israeli coastal plain|Mediterranean]] coastline in the Bay of Haifa covering {{cvt|63.7|km2|sqmi}}. It lies about {{cvt|90|km|mi|0}} north of Tel Aviv and is the major regional center of northern Israel. Two respected academic institutions, the [[University of Haifa]] and the [[Technion – Israel Institute of Technology]] the oldest and top ranked university in both Israel and the Middle East, are located in Haifa, in addition to the largest [[K–12]] school in Israel, the [[Hebrew Reali School]]. The city plays an important role in [[Economy of Israel|Israel's economy]]. It is home to [[Matam, Haifa|Matam]], one of the oldest and largest high-tech parks in the country; and prior to the opening of [[Tel Aviv Light Rail]], Haifa is the only city with [[Rapid transit|underground rapid transit system]] in Israel known as the [[Carmelit]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gav-yam.co.il/GavYam/site/gavyam/eng/items/popup.asp?fid=285&NP=361 |title=GavYam |access-date=18 February 2008 |publisher=Gav-Yam.co.il |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415132457/http://www.gav-yam.co.il/GavYam/site/gavyam/eng/items/popup.asp?fid=285&NP=361 |archive-date=15 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.touristisrael.com/carmelit-underground-train-haifa/4899/ |title=Carmelit Underground Train, Haifa |date=5 February 2012 |access-date=19 September 2016 |publisher=touristisrael.com |archive-date=20 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920072248/https://www.touristisrael.com/carmelit-underground-train-haifa/4899/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Haifa Bay is a center of [[heavy industry]], petroleum refining and chemical processing. Haifa formerly functioned as the western terminus of an [[Mosul–Haifa oil pipeline|oil pipeline from Iraq]] via [[Jordan]].<ref name=pipeline>{{cite web |last=Cohen |first=Amiram |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=332835&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y |title=U.S. Checking Possibility of Pumping Oil from Northern Iraq to Haifa, via Jordan |work=[[Haaretz]] |access-date=6 December 2008 |archive-date=3 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603165119/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=332835&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y |url-status=live}}</ref> It is one of Israel's [[mixed cities]], with an Arab-Israeli population of c.10%.