Editing Hall effect (section)

{{Short description|Electromagnetic effect in physics}}
{{About||the Colombian band|The Hall Effect (band)|}}
[[File:Hall effect.png|thumb|upright=1.4|In diagram '''A''', the flat conductor possesses a negative charge on the top (symbolized by the blue color) and a positive charge on the bottom (red color). In '''B''' and '''C''', the direction of the electrical and the magnetic fields are changed respectively which switches the polarity of the charges around. In '''D''', both fields change direction simultaneously which results in the same polarity as in diagram '''A'''.
{{ordered list|electrons|flat conductor, which serves as a Hall element ''([[Hall effect sensor]])''|magnet|magnetic field|power source
}}]]
{{Electromagnetism|Topic=Hall effect}}

The '''Hall effect''' is the production of a [[voltage|potential difference]] (the '''Hall voltage''') across an [[electrical conductor]] that is [[wikt:transverse|transverse]] to an [[electric current]] in the conductor and to an applied [[magnetic field]] [[wikt:perpendicular|perpendicular]] to the current. It was discovered by [[Edwin Hall]] in 1879.<ref>{{cite journal|title = On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents|author = Edwin Hall|author-link = Edwin Hall|journal = American Journal of Mathematics|volume = 2|year = 1879|pages = 287–92|url = http://www.stenomuseet.dk/skoletj/elmag/kilde9.html|access-date = 2008-02-28|doi = 10.2307/2369245|issue = 3|jstor = 2369245 | s2cid=107500183 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110727010116/http://www.stenomuseet.dk/skoletj/elmag/kilde9.html|archive-date=2011-07-27 |ref = hallpdf|url-access = subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Hall-effect|title=Hall effect {{!}} Definition & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref>

The ''Hall coefficient'' is defined as the ratio of the induced [[electric field]] to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, since its value depends on the type, number, and properties of the [[charge carriers]] that constitute the current.