Editing Hatmaking (section)

{{Short description|Manufacture and design of hats and headwear}}
{{Redirect|Hatter|Hatter (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Hatmaker|the unincorporated community|Hatmaker, Michigan|the author and speaker|Jen Hatmaker}}
{{Redirect|Milliner|people named Milliner|Milliner (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{wikt | millinery}}
[[File:Millinery Deaprtment, second floor, Summit St.; The Lion Store, Toledo, O. - DPLA - b299683c9a281410af279a3384bdb23a (page 1) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Millinery Department at the Lion Store of Toledo, Ohio, 1900s]][[File:Edgar Degas - The Millinery Shop - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''[[The Millinery Shop]]'' by Edgar Degas]]
'''Hat-making''' or '''millinery''' is the [[fashion design|design]], manufacture and sale of [[hat]]s and other headwear.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=November 1916|title=Millinery as a Trade for Women|author=Perry, Lorinda|journal=Monthly Review of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|volume=3|issue=5|pages=32–38|jstor=41823177}}</ref> A person engaged in this trade is called a '''milliner''' or '''hatter'''.

Historically, milliners made and sold a range of accessories for clothing and hairstyles.<ref>{{oed|milliner}} - "2. Originally: a seller of fancy wares, accessories, and articles of (female) apparel, esp. such as were originally made in Milan. Subsequently: spec. a person who designs, makes, or sells women's hats."
</ref> In France, milliners are known as ''marchand(e)s de modes'' ([[fashion merchant]]s), rather than being specifically associated with hat-making. In Britain, however, milliners were known to specialize in hats by the beginning of the [[Victorian era|Victorian period]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adburgham |first=Alison |title=Shops and shopping: 1800 - 1914 ; where, and in what manner the well-dressed Englishwoman bought her clothes |date=1989 |publisher=Barrie & Jenkins |isbn=978-0-7126-2114-4 |edition=2nd |location=London |pages=27}}</ref>

The millinery industry benefited from industrialization during the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web|date= 2009-03-26|title= Straw Millinery|url=https://annaworden.com/pdf-pages/straw-bonnet-links/|access-date= 2020-10-22|website= If I Had My Own Blue Box|language=en}}</ref> In 1889 in London and Paris, over 8,000 women were employed in millinery, and in 1900 in New York, some 83,000 people, mostly women, were employed in millinery. Though the improvements in technology provided benefits to milliners and the whole industry, essential skills, craftsmanship, and creativity are still required. Since hats began to be mass-manufactured and sold as ready-to-wear in [[Department store|department stores]], the term "milliner" is usually used to describe a person who applies traditional hand-craftsmanship to design, make, sell or trim hats primarily for a mostly female clientele.

Many prominent [[fashion designer]]s, including [[Rose Bertin]], [[Jeanne Lanvin]], and [[Coco Chanel]], began as milliners.