Editing Headache (section)

{{short description|Pain in the head, neck, or face}}
{{Other uses}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name          = Headache
| synonym       = Cephalalgia
| image         = Symptoms-headache.jpg
| image_size    = 
| alt           = 
| caption       = Person with a headache
| pronounce     = 
| specialty     = [[Neurology]]
| symptoms      = 
| complications = 
| onset         = 
| duration      = 
| types         = [[Tension headache]], [[cluster headache]], [[sinusitis]], [[migraine]] headache, [[hangover]] headache, [[cold-stimulus headache]] (brain freeze)
| causes        = 
| risks         = 
| diagnosis     = 
| differential  = 
| prevention    = 
| treatment     = [[Over-the-counter drug|Over-the-counter]] [[painkillers]], [[sleep]], drinking [[water]], [[digestion|eating food]], head or neck massage
| medication    = 
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = 
| deaths        = 
}}

<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
A '''headache''', also known as '''cephalalgia''', is the symptom of [[pain]] in the [[face]], [[head]], or [[neck]]. It can occur as a [[migraine]], [[tension-type headache]], or [[cluster headache]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Headache disorders | date = 8 April 2016 |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/headache-disorders|access-date=2021-12-14| publisher = The World Health Organization |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Silberstein |first=Stephen D. |title=Headache |date=2022-03-09 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119701170.ch32 |work=Clinical Pain Management |pages=336–342 |editor-last=Lynch |editor-first=Mary E. |edition=1 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119701170.ch32 |isbn=978-1-119-70115-6 |access-date=2022-04-29 |editor2-last=Craig |editor2-first=Kenneth D. |editor3-last=Peng |editor3-first=Philip W.|url-access=subscription }}</ref> There is an increased risk of [[Depression (mood)|depression]] in those with severe headaches.<ref name=WHO2012/>

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
Headaches can occur as a result of many conditions. There are a number of different classification systems for headaches. The most well-recognized is that of the [[International Headache Society]], which classifies it into more than 150 types of [[Primary headache disorder|primary]] and secondary headaches. Causes of headaches may include [[dehydration]]; [[fatigue]]; sleep deprivation; [[Stress (biology)|stress]];<ref>{{Citation |last=Britton |first=Carolyn B. |title=Stress and headache |date=2013 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/neuropsychiatry-of-headache/stress-and-headache/5589A5C987524A008DCB3EAB29AB6FB2 |work=The Neuropsychiatry of Headache |pages=54–62 |editor-last=Green |editor-first=Mark W. |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9781139206952.007 |isbn=978-1-107-02620-9 |access-date=2022-04-29 |editor2-last=Muskin |editor2-first=Philip R.|url-access=subscription }}</ref> the effects of medications (overuse) and recreational drugs, including withdrawal; viral infections; loud noises; head injury; rapid ingestion of a very cold food or beverage; and dental or sinus issues (such as [[sinusitis]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/headache/basics/definition/sym-20050800|title=Headache Causes|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=21 October 2019}}</ref>

<!-- Prevention and Treatment -->
Treatment of a headache depends on the underlying cause, but commonly involves [[analgesic|pain medication]] (especially in case of migraine or cluster headaches).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Headache|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/headache|access-date=2021-12-14 | work = Johns Hopkins Medicine | publisher = The Johns Hopkins University |language=en}}</ref> A headache is one of the most commonly experienced of all physical discomforts.<ref name="Ahmed 124–132">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ahmed F | title = Headache disorders: differentiating and managing the common subtypes | journal = British Journal of Pain | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 124–132 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 26516483 | pmc = 4590146 | doi = 10.1177/2049463712459691 }}</ref>

<!-- Epidemiology -->
About half of adults have a headache in a given year.<ref name=WHO2012>{{cite web|title=Headache disorders Fact sheet N° 277 | publisher = The World Health Organization | date = 8 April 2016 |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs277/en/|access-date=15 February 2016 |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160216184228/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs277/en/ |archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref> Tension headaches are the most common,<ref name="Ahmed 124–132"/> affecting about 1.6&nbsp;billion people (21.8% of the population) followed by migraine headaches which affect about 848 million (11.7%).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, etal | collaboration = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 | journal = Lancet | volume = 386 | issue = 9995 | pages = 743–800 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 26063472 | pmc = 4561509 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4 }}</ref>
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