Editing Hebron (section)

{{Short description|City in the West Bank, State of Palestine}}
{{Redirect|Al-Khalil|other uses|Al-Khalil (disambiguation)|and|Hebron (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Hebron
| translit_lang1     = Arabic
| translit_lang1_type = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|ar|الخليل}}
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Latin script|Latin]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{transliteration|ar|Al-Khalīl}} (official)<br />{{transliteration|ar|DIN|Al-Ḫalīl}} (unofficial)
| translit_lang2     = Hebrew
| translit_lang2_type = [[Hebrew script|Hebrew]]
| translit_lang2_info = {{lang|he|חברון}}
| translit_lang2_type1 = Latin
| translit_lang2_info1 = {{transliteration|he|Ḥebron}} ([[ISO 259-3]])
| type               = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline      = {{photomontage
| size = 250
| photo1a = BTS Hebron Tour 280215 24.jpg
| photo2a = Hebron-(Abraham)-Mosche.JPG
| photo2b = Old City of Hebron.jpg
| photo3a = Tomb of Ruth and Jesse Hevron 02.jpg
| photo3b = جدارية عيون سارة في مدينة الخليل.jpg
| photo4a =  Hebron CBD night 8.jpg
}}
| imagesize          = 280
| image_caption      = View of Hebron with the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]], [[Palestine Polytechnic University]], [[Old City of Hebron]], [[Tomb of Jesse and Ruth]], [[Sheikh Ali al-Bakka Mosque]] and Downtown Hebron
| image_blank_emblem = Seal of Hebron.tif
| blank_emblem_type  = Municipal Seal of Hebron
| pushpin_map        = Palestine
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Hebron within [[Palestine]]
| image_map          = 
| map_caption        = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|31|31|43|N|35|05|49|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name          = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position      = 159/103
| subdivision_type   = State
| subdivision_name   = [[State of Palestine]] (civil governance) [[Israel]] (H2 area military control)
| subdivision_type1  = [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Hebron Governorate|Hebron]]
| nickname           = City of the Patriarchs
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type    = [[List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas|City / Municipality type A]] (from 1997)
| leader_title       = Head of Municipality
| leader_name        = [[Tayseer Abu Sneineh]]<ref name="ElectedMayor">{{cite news |title=Palestinian terrorist in killing of 6 Jews elected Hebron mayor |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/palestinian-terrorist-in-killing-of-6-jews-elected-hebron-mayor/ |access-date=May 17, 2017 |newspaper=The Times of Israel |date=May 14, 2017}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = dunam
| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://vprofile.arij.org/hebron/pdfs/Hebron%20City%20profile.pdf |title=Hebron City Profile – ARIJ}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 74.102
| area_total_dunam   = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_max_m    = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=October 24, 2023}}</ref>
| population_total   = 201063
| population_as_of   = 2017
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.menacatalyst.org/media-center/65.html | title=Women Led Enterprise: Strategies to Revive Hebron's Economy }}</ref><ref>https://molg.pna.ps/uploads/files/Hebron%20Urban%20Area%20Factsheet_sj_2cd2433c7a70461fb7ecf3c2ef2058a9.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
| population_note    = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 700,000
| website            = [http://www.hebron-city.ps/ www.hebron-city.ps]
| module             = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
  |Official_name = [[Old City of Hebron|Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town]]
  |child = yes
  |ID = 1565
  |Year = 2017
  |Danger = 2017–
  |Criteria = Cultural: ii, iv, vi
  |Area = 20.6 ha
  |Buffer_zone = 152.2 ha
  }}
}}
<!-- Image:
City View
Cave of Patriarch
Old City
Tomb of Ruth and Jesse
Noah
Lut
Mural Night
Yunis / Mall
Oak of Abraham
Night Gate -->

'''Hebron''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|iː|b|r|ən|,_|ˈ|h|ɛ|b|r|ən}}; {{langx|ar|الخليل}} {{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-Khalīl}}, {{Audio|ArHebron.ogg|pronunciation|help=no}} or {{lang|ar|خَلِيل الرَّحْمَن}} {{transliteration|ar|DIN|Khalīl al-Raḥmān}};<ref>''Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index'' by Josef W. Meri; p. 318; "Hebron(Khalil al-Rahman"</ref> {{langx|he|חֶבְרוֹן}} {{transliteration|he|''Ḥevrōn''}}, {{Audio|He-Hebron.ogg|pronunciation|help=no}}) is a Palestinian{{Efn|<ref>{{harvnb|Kamrava|2010|p=236}}</ref><ref name="Alimi 2013 178">{{harvnb|Alimi|2013|p=178}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Rothrock|2011|p=100}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beilin|2004|p=59}}</ref>}} city in the southern [[West Bank]], {{convert|30|km}} south of [[Jerusalem]]. Hebron is capital of the [[Hebron Governorate]], the largest [[Governorates of Palestine|governorate]] in the West Bank. With a population of 201,063 in the city limits, the adjacent metropolitan area within the governorate is home to over 700,000 people. Hebron spans across an area of {{Convert|74.1|km2|sqmi}}. It is the [[List of cities in Palestine|third largest city in the country]] after [[Gaza City|Gaza]] and [[East Jerusalem]]. The city is often considered one of the [[Four Holy Cities|four holy cities]] in [[Judaism]] as well as in [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]].

It is considered one of the oldest cities in the Levant. According to the [[Bible]], [[Abraham]] settled in Hebron and bought the Cave of the Patriarchs as burial place for his wife [[Sarah]]. Biblical tradition holds that the patriarchs Abraham, [[Isaac]], and [[Jacob]], along with their wives Sarah, [[Rebecca]], and [[Leah]], were buried in the cave. The city is also recognized in the Bible as the place where [[David]] was anointed [[Kings of Israel and Judah|king of]] [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Israel]]. Following the [[Babylonian captivity]], the [[Edom]]ites settled in Hebron. During the first century BCE, [[Herod the Great]] built the wall that still surrounds the Cave of the Patriarchs, which later became a [[Church (building)|church]], and then a [[Ibrahimi Mosque|mosque]]. With the exception of a [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|brief Crusader control]], successive Muslim dynasties ruled Hebron from the 7th century CE until the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s [[Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|dissolution]] following [[World War I]], when the city became part of [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandatory Palestine]].

The [[1929 Hebron massacre|1929 massacre]] and the [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|Arab uprising of 1936–39]] led the British government to evacuate the Jewish community from Hebron. The [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] saw the entire West Bank, including Hebron, [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|occupied and annexed]] by [[Jordan]], and since the 1967 [[Six-Day War]], the city has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli military occupation]]. Following Israeli occupation, Jewish presence was restored in the city. Since the 1997 [[Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron|Hebron Protocol]], most of Hebron has been governed by the [[Palestinian National Authority]]. The city is often described as a "microcosm" of the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] and the [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank]]. The 1997 protocol divided the city into two sectors—H1 Hebron, controlled by the Palestinian National Authority, and H2 Hebron, managed by Israeli authorities. All security arrangements and travel permits for local residents are coordinated between the Palestinian Authority and Israel via the [[Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories|COGAT]]. The Jewish settlers have their own governing municipal body, the Committee of the Jewish Community of Hebron.

The largest city in the southern West Bank, Hebron is chief commercial and industrial center in the region. It is a busy hub of trade, generating roughly a third of the area's [[gross domestic product|GDP]], largely due to the sale of [[limestone]] from quarries in its area. Hebron has a local reputation for its grapes, figs, ceramics, plastics, [[Palestinian pottery|pottery]] workshops, metalworking and [[Hebron glass|glassblowing]] industry. The city is home to numerous shopping malls. The [[Old City of Hebron]] features narrow, winding streets, flat-roofed stone houses, and old [[bazaar]]s. It is recognized as a [[World Heritage Site]] by the [[UNESCO]]. Hebron is also known as a regional educational and medical hub.