Editing Helvetii (section)

{{short description|Celtic tribal group in Switzerland}}
{{Redirect|Helvetians|other uses|Helvetia (disambiguation)}}
[[Image:Maxima Sequanorum.jpg|thumb|300px|Map of the Roman province ''[[Maxima Sequanorum]]'' (c. 300 AD), which comprised the territories of a part of the Helvetii, [[Sequani]] and several smaller tribes. The relative locations of the Helvetian ''pagi'' Tigurini and Verbigeni, though indicated on the map, remain unknown.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Samuel |last1=Butler |first2=Ernest |last2=Rhys |title=The Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography|year=1907 |location=London; New York |publisher=J. M. Dent; E. P. Dutton |series=Everyman | chapter=Map 4, Gallia}}</ref>]]
{{Location mark
|image=Map Gallia Tribes Towns.png|alt=|float=right|width=400
|caption=Map of [[Gaul]] with tribes, 1st century BC; the Helvetii are circled.|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=60
|x=860|y=508|type=thumb
}}
The '''Helvetii''' ({{Langx|la|Helvētiī}} {{IPA|la|hɛɫˈweːti.iː|}}, [[Gaulish]]: *''Heluētī''), anglicized as '''Helvetians''', were a [[Celts|Celtic]]<ref name=freeman>{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Philip |title=Julius Caesar |url=https://archive.org/details/juliuscaesar00free |url-access=registration |quote=Gaulish Helvetii. |year=2008 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-8953-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/juliuscaesar00free/page/110 110] }}</ref> tribe or tribal confederation<ref name="Freeman">{{cite book|last=Freeman|first=Philip|title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia|editor=John T. Koch|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|volume=I|pages=901|isbn=1-85109-440-7}}</ref> occupying most of the [[Swiss plateau]] at the time of their [[Switzerland in the Roman era|contact with the Roman Republic]] in the 1st century BC. According to [[Julius Caesar]], the Helvetians were divided into four subgroups or ''[[pagus|pagi]].'' Of these, Caesar names only the [[Verbigeni]] and the [[Tigurini]],<ref>Bell.Gall. 1.27 and 1.12, respectively</ref> while [[Posidonius]] mentions the Tigurini and the Tougeni ({{lang|grc|Τωυγενοί}}).<ref>Strabo 4.1.8, 7.2.2.</ref> They feature prominently in the ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentaries on the Gallic War]],'' with their failed migration attempt to southwestern [[Gaul]] (58 BC) serving as a catalyst for [[Caesar's conquest of Gaul]].

The Helvetians were subjugated after 52 BC, and under [[Augustus]], Celtic [[oppida]], such as [[Vindonissa]] or [[Basilea]], were re-purposed as garrisons. In AD 68, a Helvetian uprising was crushed by [[Aulus Caecina Alienus]].
The Swiss plateau was at first incorporated into the Roman province of [[Gallia Belgica]]{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} (22 BC), later into  [[Germania Superior]] (AD 83).
The Helvetians, like the rest of Gaul, were largely [[Gallo-Roman culture|Romanized]] by the 2nd century. 
In the later 3rd century, Roman control over the region waned, and the Swiss plateau was exposed to the invading [[Alemanni]]. The Alemanni and [[Kingdom of the Burgundians|Burgundians]] established permanent settlements in the Swiss plateau in the 5th and 6th centuries, resulting in the early medieval territories of [[Alemannia|Alemannia (Swabia)]] and [[Upper Burgundy]]. The Helvetii were largely [[Cultural assimilation|assimilated]] by their new rulers, contributing to the [[ethnogenesis]] of modern [[Swiss people]].