Editing Heptane (section)

{{Short description|Chemical compound (C7H16)}}
{{Distinguish|heptene|heptyne}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443853887
| ImageFile = Heptane-2D-Skeletal.svg
| ImageClass = skin-invert-image
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of heptane
| ImageFile1 = HeptaneFull.png
| ImageClass1 = skin-invert-image
| ImageFile1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageAlt1 = Skeletal formula of heptane of all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
| ImageFile2 = Heptane 3D ball.png
| ImageClass2 = bg-transparent
| ImageFile2_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|?}}
| ImageAlt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the heptane molecule
| PIN = Heptane<ref>{{Cite web|title=n-heptane – Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8900&loc=ec_rcs|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=2 January 2012|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records}}</ref>
| OtherNames = Septane<ref>{{cite journal|title=I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines|first=August Wilhelm Von|last=Hofmann|date=1 January 1867|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=15|pages=54–62|doi=10.1098/rspl.1866.0018|s2cid=98496840}}</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 142-82-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 8900
| ChemSpiderID = 8560
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = 456148SDMJ
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| EINECS = 205-563-8
| UNNumber = 1206
| MeSHName = n-heptane
| ChEBI = 43098
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 134658
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| RTECS = MI7700000
| Beilstein = 1730763
| Gmelin = 49760
| SMILES = CCCCCCC
| StdInChI = 1S/C7H16/c1-3-5-7-6-4-2/h3-7H2,1-2H3
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=7 | H=16
| Appearance = Colourless liquid
| Odor = Petrolic
| Density = 0.6795 g cm<sup>−3</sup><ref name=b92/>
| MeltingPtC = −90.549<ref name=b92>{{RubberBible92nd|page=3.290}}</ref>
| BoilingPtC = 98.38<ref name=b92/>
| LogP = 4.274
| VaporPressure = 5.33 kPa (at 20.0&nbsp;°C)
| HenryConstant = 12 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>
| RefractIndex = 1.3855<ref name=b92/>
| Viscosity = 0.389 mPa·s<ref name="Dymond1994">{{cite journal|last1=Dymond|first1=J. H.|last2=Oye|first2=H. A.|title=Viscosity of Selected Liquid n-Alkanes|journal=Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data|volume=23|issue=1|year=1994|pages=41–53|issn=0047-2689|doi=10.1063/1.555943|bibcode=1994JPCRD..23...41D}}</ref>
| Dipole = 0.0 D
| Solubility = 0.0003% (20&nbsp;°C)<ref name=PGCH/>
| MagSus = −85.24·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
|Section3 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −225.2 – −223.6 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| DeltaHc = −4.825 – −4.809 MJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Entropy = 328.57 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
| HeatCapacity = 224.64 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
}}
|Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}} {{GHS exclamation mark}} {{GHS health hazard}} {{GHS environment}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|304|315|336|410}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|261|273|301+310|331}}
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 3
| NFPA-R = 0
| FlashPtC = −4.0
| AutoignitionPtC = 223.0
| ExploLimits = 1.05–6.7%
| PEL = TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0312}}</ref>
| IDLH = 750 ppm<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = TWA 85 ppm (350 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) C 440 ppm (1800 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) [15-minute]<ref name=PGCH/>
| LCLo = 16,000 ppm (human)<br/>15,000 ppm (mouse, 30 min)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|142825|n-Heptane}}</ref>
| LC50 = 17,986 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)<ref name=IDLH/>
}}
|Section5 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = alkanes
| OtherFunction = {{Unbulleted list|[[Hexane]]|[[Octane]]}}
}}
}}

'''Heptane''' or '''''n''-heptane''' is the straight-chain [[alkane]] with the [[chemical formula]] H<sub>3</sub>C(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>5</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> or C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>. When used as a test fuel component in [[Engine knocking|anti-knock]] test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the [[octane rating]] scale (the 100 point is 100% [[2,2,4-Trimethylpentane|iso-octane]]). Octane number equates to the anti-knock qualities of a comparison mixture of heptane and iso-octane which is expressed as the percentage of iso-octane in heptane, and is listed on pumps for [[gasoline]] (petrol) dispensed globally.