Editing Hexane (section)

{{short description|Chemical compound (C6H14)}}
{{Distinguish|hexene|hexyne}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}

{{Chembox
| Watchedfields  = changed
| verifiedrevid  = 443856572
| Name           = 
| ImageFileL1      = Hexane-2D-Skeletal.svg
| ImageClassL1 = skin-invert-image
| ImageFileL1_Ref  = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSizeL1      = 160
| ImageNameL1      = Skeletal formula of hexane
| ImageFileR1     = Hexane-2D-B.png
| ImageClassR1 = skin-invert-image
| ImageFileR1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageNameR1     = Skeletal formula of hexane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
| ImageFileL2     = Hexane-from-xtal-1999-at-an-angle-3D-balls.png
| ImageClassL2 = bg-transparent
| ImageFileL2_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSizeL2     = 160
| ImageNameL2     = Ball and stick model of hexane
| ImageFileR2     = Hexane-3D-vdW.png
| ImageClassR2 = bg-transparent
| ImageFileR2_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSizeR2     = 160
| ImageNameR2     = Spacefill model of hexane
| PIN            = Hexane<ref>{{cite web|title=n-hexane – Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8058&loc=ec_rcs|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=31 December 2011|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308173754/http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8058|archive-date=8 March 2012}}</ref>
| OtherNames     = Sextane,<ref>{{cite journal|title=I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines|first=August Wilhelm Von|last=Hofmann|date=1 January 1867|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=15|pages=54–62|doi=10.1098/rspl.1866.0018|s2cid=98496840}}</ref> hexacarbane
| SystematicName = 
| Section1       = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 110-54-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 8058
| ChemSpiderID = 7767
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = 2DDG612ED8
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| EINECS = 203-777-6
| UNNumber = 1208
| DrugBank = DB02764
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| KEGG = C11271
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| MeSHName = n-hexane
| ChEBI = 29021
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 15939
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| RTECS = MN9275000
| Beilstein = 1730733
| Gmelin = 1985
| SMILES = CCCCCC
| StdInChI = 1S/C6H14/c1-3-5-6-4-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
| Section2       = {{Chembox Properties
| C=6 | H=14
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Odor = Petrolic
| Density = 0.6606 g mL<sup>−1</sup><ref name="crc97">{{cite book | author=William M. Haynes | title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition=97th | year=2016 | publisher=CRC Press | location=Boca Raton | isbn=978-1-4987-5429-3 | pages=3–298 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VVezDAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
| MeltingPtK = 177 to 179
| BoilingPtK = 341.6 to 342.2
| Solubility = 9.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup>
| LogP = 3.764
| VaporPressure = 17.60 kPa (at 20.0&nbsp;°C)
| HenryConstant = 7.6 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>
| LambdaMax = 200 nm
| RefractIndex = 1.375
| Viscosity = 0.3 mPa·s
| Dipole = 0.08 D
| MagSus = −74.6·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
| Section3       = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −199.4–−198.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| DeltaHc = −4180–−4140 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Entropy = 296.06 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
| HeatCapacity = 265.2 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
}}
| Section4       = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = [[Reproductive toxicity]] – After [[Pulmonary aspiration|aspiration]], [[pulmonary oedema]], [[pneumonitis]]<ref name=":1">GHS Classification on [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8058#section=Safety-and-Hazards <nowiki>[PubChem]</nowiki>]</ref>
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}} {{GHS exclamation mark}} {{GHS health hazard}} {{GHS environment}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|302|305|315|336|361fd|373|411}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|210|233|240|241|242|243|260|264|271|273|280|281|301+330+331|310|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|312|308+313|314|332+313|363|370+378|391|403+233|235|405|501}}
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 3
| NFPA-R = 0
| FlashPtC = −26.0
| AutoignitionPtC = 234.0
| ExploLimits = 1.2–7.7%
| LD50 = 25 g kg<sup>−1</sup> <small>(oral, rat)</small><br/>28710 mg/kg (rat, oral)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|110543|n-Hexane}}</ref>
| LDLo = 56137 mg/kg (rat, oral)<ref name=IDLH/>
| PEL = TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0322}}</ref>
| REL = TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/> 
| IDLH = 1100 ppm<ref name=PGCH/>
}}
| Section5       = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = alkanes
| OtherFunction = {{Unbulleted list|[[Pentane]]|[[Heptane]]}}
}}
| Section6       = 
}}
'''Hexane''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛ|k|s|eɪ|n}}) or '''''n''-hexane''' is an [[organic compound]], a straight-chain [[alkane]] with six [[carbon]] atoms and the [[molecular formula]] C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PubChem |title=n-HEXANE |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8058 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>

Hexane is a colorless liquid, odorless when pure, and with a boiling point of approximately {{Convert|69|C}}. It is widely used as a cheap, relatively safe, largely unreactive, and easily evaporated [[non-polar solvent]], and modern [[gasoline]] blends contain about 3% hexane.<ref>{{cite web |title=n-Hexane - Hazardous Agents |url=https://haz-map.com/Agents/105 |website=Haz-Map |access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>

The term '''hexanes''' refers to a [[mixture]], composed largely (>60%) of ''n''-hexane, with varying amounts of the isomeric compounds [[2-methylpentane]] and [[3-methylpentane]], and possibly, smaller amounts of nonisomeric C<sub>5</sub>, C<sub>6</sub>, and C<sub>7</sub> (cyclo)alkanes. These "hexanes" mixtures are cheaper than pure hexane and are often used in large-scale operations not requiring a single [[isomer]] (e.g., as cleaning solvent or for [[chromatography]]).