Editing Hoover Institution (section)

{{Short description|American political think tank (established 1919)}}
{{about|the American public policy think tank|its research library|Hoover Institution Library and Archives}}
{{primary sources|date=May 2023}}
{{use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox organization
| name                     = The Hoover Institution
| logo                     = Hoover Institution Logo.svg
| image                    = Stanford University campus - Hoover Tower view 2014-05-19.JPG
| image_size               = 210px
| caption                  = Hoover Tower in May 2014
| size                     = 
| formation                = {{start date and age|1919|06}}
| abbreviation             = Hoover
| formerly                 = Hoover War Collection
| founder                  = [[Herbert Hoover]]
| type                     = [[Public policy (law)|Public policy]] [[think tank]]
| tax_id                   = 94-1156365
| status                   = [[501(c)(3) organization]]
| purpose                  = Public policy research in economics, history, and national security.
| professional_title       = The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace
| location_country         = United States
| coordinates              = {{coord}}
| leader_title             = Director
| leader_name              = [[Condoleezza Rice]]
| location                 = 434 Galvez Mall<br />[[Stanford, California]] ([[Stanford University]]), U.S. 94305
| parent_organization      = [[Stanford University]]
| subsidiaries             = [[Hoover Institution Press]]<br />[[Hoover Institution Library and Archives]]<br />''[[Uncommon Knowledge]]''<br />''Battlegrounds''<br />''[[Defining Ideas]]''<br />''[[Hoover Digest]]''
| revenue                  = $104.6 million<ref name="Ratings">{{cite web |url=https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/2023-12/Hoover_2023_Annual_Report_final_pagesremoved.pdf |title=Annual Report 2023 |website=Hoover Institution |access-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223061113/https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/2023-12/Hoover_2023_Annual_Report_final_pagesremoved.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| revenue_year             = 2023
| expenses                 = $93.2 million<ref name="Ratings"/>
| expenses_year            = 2023
| endowment                = $782 million
| awards                   = [[National Humanities Medal]]
| website                  = {{official URL}}
}}
{{conservatism US|think tanks}}

The '''Hoover Institution''' (officially '''The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace''' and formerly '''The Hoover Institute and Library on War, Revolution, and Peace'''<ref>"By 1946, the agenda of the Hoover War Library had extended significantly to include research activities, and thus the organization was renamed the Hoover Institute and Library on War, Revolution and Peace. ... The development of the enterprise was so prominent that in 1957 it was again renamed as the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace" {{cite web|url=https://www.hoover.org/about/herbert-hoover|title=About Herbert Hoover|work=Hoover Institution|access-date=November 24, 2024}}</ref>) is an American [[public policy]] [[think tank]] which promotes [[Economic liberty|personal and economic liberty]], [[Free Enterprise|free enterprise]], and [[limited government]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/07/hoover-institution-100-year-anniversary-conservative-stronghold/ |title=100 Years of the Hoover Institution |last=Hanson |first=Victor Davis |author-link=Victor Davis Hanson |date=July 30, 2019 |work=[[National Review]] |access-date=August 13, 2020 |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029203018/https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/07/hoover-institution-100-year-anniversary-conservative-stronghold/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271425/Hoover-Institution-on-War-Revolution-and-Peace |title=Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedica Britannica |access-date=April 16, 2015 |archive-date=April 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416190441/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271425/Hoover-Institution-on-War-Revolution-and-Peace |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0327/032756.html |title=Hoover Institution: Leaning to the right |last=McBride |first=Stewart |date=May 28, 1975 |work=Christian Science Monitor |access-date=April 16, 2015 |archive-date=April 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416053611/http://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0327/032756.html |url-status=live }}</ref> While the institution is formally a unit of [[Stanford University]], it maintains an independent board of overseers and relies on its own income and donations.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoover.org/about/overseers|title=Board of Overseers|work=Hoover Institution|access-date=June 21, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623143402/https://www.hoover.org/about/overseers|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Ayaan Hirsi |title=The False Appeal Of Socialism |url=https://www.hoover.org/research/false-appeal-socialism |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005212430/https://www.hoover.org/research/false-appeal-socialism |archive-date=2023-10-05 |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en}}</ref> It is widely described as [[Conservatism|conservative]], although its directors have contested the idea that it is [[Partisan (politics)|partisan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chesley |first=Kate |date=January 29, 2021 |title=Stanford's relationship to the Hoover Institution highlights Faculty Senate discussion |url=https://news.stanford.edu/report/2021/01/29/stanfords-relationship-hoover-institution-highlights-faculty-senate-discussion/ |website=Stanford Report |language=en |access-date=October 30, 2021 |archive-date=October 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030103532/https://news.stanford.edu/report/2021/01/29/stanfords-relationship-hoover-institution-highlights-faculty-senate-discussion/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilligan |first=Thomas W. |date=March 23, 2015 |title=Business Dean Seizes Rare Opportunity to Lead Hoover Institution, and Other News About People |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/business-dean-seizes-rare-opportunity-to-lead-hoover-institution-and-other-news-about-people/ |website=The Chronicle of Higher Education |language=en |access-date=June 23, 2022 |archive-date=June 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623060858/https://www.chronicle.com/article/business-dean-seizes-rare-opportunity-to-lead-hoover-institution-and-other-news-about-people/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The institution began in 1919 as a library founded by Stanford alumnus [[Herbert Hoover]] prior to his presidency in order to house his archives gathered during [[World War I]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhibits A through Z |url=https://stanfordmag.org/contents/exhibits-a-through-z |access-date=July 9, 2022 |website=Stanford Magazine |date=March 2006 |language=en}}</ref> The well-known [[Hoover Tower]] was built to house the archives, then known as the Hoover War Collection (now the [[Hoover Institution Library and Archives]]), and contained material related to [[World War I]], [[World War II]], and other global events. The collection was renamed and transformed into a research institution ("think tank") during the mid-20th century. Its mission, as described by Herbert Hoover in 1959, is "to recall the voice of experience against the making of war, and by the study of these records and their publication, to recall man's endeavors to make and preserve peace, and to sustain for America the safeguards of the American way of life."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission/History |url=https://www.hoover.org/about/missionhistory |access-date=June 20, 2022 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en |archive-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507044102/https://www.hoover.org/about/missionhistory |url-status=live }}</ref>

It has staffed numerous jobs in Washington for Republican presidents from [[Richard Nixon]] to [[Donald Trump]].<ref>Val Burris. "The interlock structure of the policy-planning network and the right turn in U.S. state policy" In '' Politics and Public Policy'' (March 2015) pp. 3-42.</ref> It has provided work for people who previously had important government jobs. Notable Hoover fellows and alumni include [[Nobel Prize]] laureates [[Henry Kissinger]], [[Milton Friedman]], and [[Gary Becker]]; economist [[Thomas Sowell]]; scholars [[Niall Ferguson]] and [[Richard Epstein]]; former [[Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines|Speaker of the House of Representatives]] [[Newt Gingrich]]; and former Secretary of Defense [[James N. Mattis]]. In 2020, former Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]] became the institution's director. It divides its [[fellow]]s into separate research teams to work on various subjects, including [[Economic policy|Economic Policy]], [[History]], [[Education]], and [[Law]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research |url=https://www.hoover.org/research |access-date=June 20, 2022 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en |archive-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615014253/http://www.hoover.org/research |url-status=live }}</ref> It publishes research by its own [[university press]], the Hoover Institution Press.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoover Institution Press |url=https://www.hoover.org/publications/hooverpress |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en |archive-date=May 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521111329/https://www.hoover.org/publications/hooverpress |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, Hoover was ranked as the 10th most influential think tank in the world by ''[[College and university rankings in the United States#Academic Influence rankings|Academic Influence]]''.<ref name="2020AcademicInfluence">{{cite web |title=Top Influential Think Tanks |url=https://academicinfluence.com/articles/people/most-influential-think-tanks |access-date=October 9, 2020}}</ref> It was ranked 22nd on the "Top Think Tanks in United States" and 1st on the "Top Think Tanks to Look Out For" lists of the [[Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program]] that same year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGann |first=James |date=January 28, 2021 |title=2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks/18 |journal=TTCSP Global Go to Think Tank Index Reports |issue=18 |access-date=June 21, 2022 |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612004515/https://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks/18/ |url-status=live }}</ref>