Editing Human population planning (section)

{{Short description|Practice of controlling rate of growth}}
{{For |the practice among non-humans|Population control}}
[[File:Total Fertility Rate Map by Country.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Map of countries by fertility rate (2024), according to the [[Population Reference Bureau]] ]]

'''Human population planning''' is the practice of managing the [[Human population growth|growth rate of a human population]]. The practice, traditionally referred to as [[population control]], had historically been implemented mainly with the goal of increasing population growth, though from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about [[human overpopulation|overpopulation]] and its effects on [[poverty]], [[Human impact on the environment|the environment]] and [[political stability]] led to efforts to reduce [[population growth]] rates in many countries. More recently, however, several countries such as [[China]], [[Japan]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Fears grow that Japan's birth rate and aging crisis could be worsened by pandemic |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/08/18/national/social-issues/birth-rate-aging-crisis-coronavirus/ |website=The Japan Times |date=18 August 2020 |access-date=4 August 2021 |archive-date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804163540/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/08/18/national/social-issues/birth-rate-aging-crisis-coronavirus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Japan to fund AI matchmaking to boost birth rate |work=BBC News |date=8 December 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55226098 |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> [[South Korea]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=David D. |title=Can South Korea lift the world's lowest birth rate by offering cash incentives? |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3115396/can-south-korea-lift-worlds-lowest-birth-rate-offering |website=South China Morning Post |date=27 December 2020 |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> [[Russia]],<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |title=How do countries fight falling birth rates? |work=BBC News |date=15 January 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51118616 |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> [[Iran]], [[Italy]],<ref name="BBC News"/> [[Spain]], [[Finland]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Business lobby calls for govt action to boost Finland's birth rate |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/business_lobby_calls_for_govt_action_to_boost_finlands_birth_rate/11165325 |website=Yle.fi |date=19 January 2020 |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> [[Hungary]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Hungary tries for baby boom with tax breaks and loan forgiveness |work=BBC News |date=11 February 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47192612 |access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref> and [[Estonia]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rooney |first1=Katharine |title=This is how Estonia is growing its population |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/11/family-subsidy-birth-rate-estonia-finland-france/ |website=World Economic Forum |date=12 November 2019 |access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Männi |first1=Marian |title=Feature: Estonians starting to have more kids — because they can |url=https://news.err.ee/1111731/feature-estonians-starting-to-have-more-kids-because-they-can |website=ERR Online |date=11 July 2020 |access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref> have begun efforts to boost birth rates once again, generally as a response to looming demographic crises.

While population planning can involve measures that improve people's lives by giving them greater control of their [[Human reproduction|reproduction]], a few programs, such as the Chinese government's "[[one-child policy]] and [[two-child policy]]", have employed coercive measures.