Editing Human zoo (section)

{{Short description|Public exhibits of humans}}
{{Redirect|Human safari|terror campaign|Human safari (terror campaign)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}

[[File:Igorrotes at Hagenbeck's.jpg|thumb|right|A group of [[Igorot people|Igorot]] displayed during the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition|St. Louis World's Fair]], 1904<ref name="Zwick">{{cite web|title=Remembering St. Louis, 1904: A World on Display and Bontoc Eulogy|publisher=[[Syracuse University]]|author=Zwick, Jim|date=4 March 1996|access-date=2007-05-25|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/Bontoc.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610034510/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/Bontoc.html|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Love |first=Robertus |date=May 1904 |title=Filipino School at World's Fair |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgZRAQAAMAAJ&q=Miss+Zamora+st+louis+filipino&pg=PA422 |magazine=The School News and Practical Educator |access-date=3 March 2020 |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027023035/https://books.google.com/books?id=BgZRAQAAMAAJ&q=Miss+Zamora+st+louis+filipino&pg=PA422 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Indios Onas llevados a París por Maitre en 1889.JPG|thumb|right|Natives of [[Tierra del Fuego]], brought to the [[Exposition Universelle (1889)|Paris World's Fair]] by the Maître in 1889]]

'''Human zoos''', also known as '''ethnological expositions''', were a [[Colonialism|colonial practice]] of publicly displaying people, usually in a so-called "natural" or "primitive" state.<ref name="esquiremag.ph">{{Cite news|url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/the-true-story-of-the-mindanaoan-slave-whose-skin-was-displayed-at-oxford-a00029-20171102-lfrm2|title=The True Story of the Mindanaoan Slave Whose Skin Was Displayed at Oxford|website=Esquiremag.ph|access-date=7 August 2020|archive-date=4 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104142247/https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/the-true-story-of-the-mindanaoan-slave-whose-skin-was-displayed-at-oxford-a00029-20171102-lfrm2|url-status=live}}</ref> They were most prominent during the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name="esquiremag.ph"/> These displays often emphasized the supposed inferiority of the exhibits' culture, and implied the superiority of "[[Western society]]", through tropes that depicted marginalized groups as "savage".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1= Abbattista|first1= Guido|last2= Iannuzzi|first2= Giulia|year= 2016|title= World Expositions as Time Machines: Two Views of the Visual Construction of Time between Anthropology and Futurama|url= http://worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/13.3/forum_01_abbattista.html|journal= World History Connected|volume= 13|issue= 3|access-date= 6 April 2019|archive-date= 24 February 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210224113212/https://worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/13.3/forum_01_abbattista.html|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=McLean |first=Ian |date=2009–2012 |title=Reinventing the Savage |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09528822.2012.712769 |journal=Third Text |language=en |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=599–613 |doi=10.1080/09528822.2012.712769 |s2cid=143936550 |issn=0952-8822 |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407022542/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09528822.2012.712769 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>  They then developed into independent displays emphasizing the exhibits' inferiority to western culture and providing further justification for their subjugation.<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Barry |last1=Lewis |first2= Robert |last2=Jurmain |first3=Lynn |last3=Kilgore|title=Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Humans: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology|publisher= Cengage Learning|year=2008|isbn=978-0495604747|pages=172}}</ref> Such displays featured in multiple [[colonial exhibitions]] and at temporary exhibitions in animal zoos.<ref name="ieg-ego.eu">{{Cite web|title=Colonial Exhibitions, 'Völkerschauen' and the Display of the 'Other'|url=http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/backgrounds/european-encounters/anne-dreesbach-colonial-exhibitions-voelkerschauen-and-the-display-of-the-other?set_language=http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/backgrounds/european-encounters/anne-dreesbach-colonial-exhibitions-voelkerschauen-and-the-display-of-the-other|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115100314/http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/backgrounds/european-encounters/anne-dreesbach-colonial-exhibitions-voelkerschauen-and-the-display-of-the-other?set_language=http%3A%2F%2Fieg-ego.eu%2Fen%2Fthreads%2Fbackgrounds%2Feuropean-encounters%2Fanne-dreesbach-colonial-exhibitions-voelkerschauen-and-the-display-of-the-other|archive-date=15 November 2020|access-date=2020-11-14|website=EGO|language=de}}</ref>