Editing Humayun (section)

{{Short description|Mughal emperor from 1530 to 1540 and from 1555 to 1556}}
{{About|the second Mughal emperor}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image        = Humayun and Babur (Late Shah Jahan Album) Humayun detail.jpg
| caption      = Portrait of Humayun in the ''Late Shah Jahan Album'', painted {{Circa|1640}}. Smithsonian Collections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Babur and Humayun with Courtiers, from the Late Shah Jahan Album |url=https://asia-archive.si.edu/object/S1986.401/ |website=Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art|quote=The first Mughal emperor, Babur, who reigned from 1526 to 1530, is shown seated on the right with his son and successor, Humayun.}}</ref>
| name         = Humayun
| title        = [[Padishah]]<br />[[Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors|Al-Sultan Al-Azam]]
| succession   = [[Mughal Emperor]]
| coronation   = 29 December 1530{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}
| reign-type   = First reign
| reign        = 26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540
| predecessor  = [[Babur]]
| regent       = [[Al-aman Mirza]]
| reg-type     = [[Heir-apparent]]
| successor    = [[Sher Shah Suri]] ([[Sur Empire]])
| reign-type1  = Second reign
| reign1       = 22 June 1555 – 27 January 1556
| predecessor1 = [[Adil Shah Suri]] (Sur Empire)
| successor1   = [[Akbar|Akbar I]]
| birth_name   = Nasir al-Din Muhammad<ref name="Mehta1981">{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Jaswant Lal |year=1981 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |volume=II |edition=1st |publisher=Sterling Publishers |page=108 |oclc=221798951}}</ref>
| birth_date   = 6 March 1508
| birth_place  = [[Kabul]], [[Kabulistan]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1556|1|27|1508|3|17|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Sher Mandal]], [[Old Delhi|Delhi]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| burial_place = [[Humayun's Tomb]], [[Delhi]], India
| spouse       = {{Unbulleted list|
{{Marriage|[[Bega Begum]]|1527}}
|{{Marriage|[[Hamida Banu Begum]]|1540}} }}
| spouse-type  = Consort
| spouses      = {{Unbulleted list|Several, including:
|{{Marriage
|[[Mah Chuchak Begum]]|1546}} <ref name="gulbadan">{{cite book |author=Begum, Gulbadan |author-link=Gulbadan Begum |title=The History of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāmah) |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society |year=1902 |pages=260}}</ref>
|Khanish Aghacha
|Gunwar Bibi<ref>{{cite book |last=Lal |first=Muni |title=Akbar |year=1980 |publisher=Vikas |page=7 |isbn=978-0-7069-1076-6}}</ref>
|Mewa Jan{{sfn|Mukhia|2004|p=124}}
|Chand Bibi
|Shad Bibi}}
| spouses-type = Wives
| issue        = {{plainlist|
*[[Al-aman Mirza]]
*Aqiqa Sultan Begum
*[[Bakshi Banu Begum]]
*[[Akbar|Akbar I]]
* Two daughters 
*Jahan Sultan
*[[Bakht-un-Nissa Begum|Bakht-un-Nissa]]
*Farrukh-Fal Mirza
*[[Mirza Muhammad Hakim]]
*Ibrahim Sultan Mirza
*[[Sakina Banu Begum]]
*Amina Banu Begum}}
| full name    = Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Humayun<ref name="Mehta1981" />
| posthumous name = Jannat-Ashyani ({{lit|He who lives in heaven}})
| house        = [[Mughal dynasty|House of Babur]]
| dynasty      = [[Timurid dynasty]]
| father       = [[Babur]]
| mother       = [[Maham Begum]]
| signature    = Seal of Prince Humayun of the Mughal Empire, ca.1508–1530.jpg
| signature_type = Seal
| religion     = [[Islam]]<ref>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 1, Part II: Papers and Summaries (June 1935), pp. 46–61 (16 pages)
 https://www.jstor.org/stable/44202304</ref>
| module       = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
  | allegiance = [[Mughal Empire]]
  | branch     = [[Mughal Army]]
  | commands      = 
  | battles_label =
  | battles       = {{collapsible list|title = {{nobold|''See list''}}|{{tree list}}

* [[Mughal–Rajput Wars]]
** [[Battle of Khanwa|Khanwa (1527)]]
* Mughal conquest of Gujarat (1535)
* [[Mughal–Afghan Wars]]
** [[Battle of Hisar Firoza|Hisar Firoza (1526)]]
** [[Battle of Ghaghra|Ghaghra (1529)]]
** [[Battle of Chausa|Chausa (1539)]]
** [[Battle of Kannauj|Kannauj (1540)]]
** [[Battle of Machhiwara|Machhiwara (1555)]]
** [[Battle of Sirhind (1555)|Sirhind (1555)]]
{{tree list/end}}
}}
}}
}}

'''Nasir al-Din Muhammad''' (6 March 1508<ref name="Mehta1981" /> – 27 January 1556), commonly known by his [[regnal name]] '''Humayun''' ({{IPA|fa|hu.mɑː.juːn}}), was the second [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]], who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[North India|Northern India]], and [[Pakistan]] from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death in 1556.<ref>Mitchiner, M. 1977. ''Oriental coins and their values: The world of Islam''. London: Hawkins Publications. p. 378.</ref> At the time of his death, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.

On 26 December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father [[Babur]] to the throne of Delhi as ruler of the Mughal territories in the Indian subcontinent. Humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power at the age of 22. His half-brother [[Kamran Mirza]] inherited [[Kabul]] and [[Kandahar]], the northernmost parts of their father's empire; the two half-brothers became bitter rivals.

Early in his reign, Humayun lost his entire empire to [[Sher Shah Suri]] but regained it 15 years later with [[Safavid]] aid. His return from [[Persia]] was accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen, signaling an important change in Mughal court culture. The [[Moghulistan|Central Asian origins]] of the dynasty were largely overshadowed by the influences of [[Persian art]], [[Persian architecture|architecture]], [[Persian language|language]], and [[Persian literature|literature]]. To this day, stone carvings and thousands of [[Persian language in the Indian subcontinent|Persian]] manuscripts in India dating from the time of Humayun remain in [[Indian subcontinent|the subcontinent]]. Following his return to power, Humayun quickly expanded the Empire, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, [[Akbar]].