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Hydrofluorocarbon
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{{short description|Synthetic organic compounds}} [[File:Fluoromethane.svg|thumb|right|150px|[[Fluoromethane]], a hydrofluorocarbon.]] '''Hydrofluorocarbons''' ('''HFCs''') are synthetic organic compounds that contain fluorine and hydrogen atoms, and are the most common type of [[organofluorine]] compounds. Most are gases at room temperature and pressure. They are frequently used in [[air conditioning]] and as [[refrigerants]]; [[R-134a]] (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) is one of the most commonly used '''HFC''' [[refrigerants]]. In order to aid the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer, HFCs were adopted to replace the more potent [[chlorofluorocarbon]]s (CFCs) such as [[Dichlorodifluoromethane|R-12]], which were phased out from use by the [[Montreal Protocol]], and [[hydrochlorofluorocarbon]]s (HCFCs) such as [[Dichlorofluoromethane|R-21]] which are presently being phased out.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zaelke|first1=Durwood|last2=Borgford-Parnell|first2=Nathan|last3=Andersen.|first3=Stephen|date=11 January 2018|others=Kristin Campbell, Xiaopu Sun, Dennis Clare, Claire Phillips, Stela Herschmann, Yuzhe PengLing, Alex Milgroom, Nancy J. Sherman.|title=Primer on HFCs|url=http://www.igsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HFC-Primer-v11Jan18.pdf|publisher=Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development (IGSD)|pages=5}}</ref><ref name="milman-2016"> {{cite news | last = Milman | first = Oliver | title = 100 countries push to phase out potentially disastrous greenhouse gas | date = 22 September 2016 | work = The Guardian | location = London, UK | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/22/100-countries-phase-out-hydrofluorocarbons-greenhouse-gas | access-date = 22 September 2016 }} </ref> HFCs are also used in insulating foams, aerosol propellants, as solvents and for fire protection. HFCs may not harm the ozone layer as much as the compounds they replace, but they still contribute to [[global warming]] β with some like [[Fluoroform|trifluoromethane]] (CHF3 or R-23) having 11,700 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022113912001315|title=Treatment of the potent greenhouse gas, CHF3βAn overview|year=2012|doi=10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.04.012|last1=Han|first1=Wenfeng|last2=Li|first2=Ying|last3=Tang|first3=Haodong|last4=Liu|first4=Huazhang|journal=Journal of Fluorine Chemistry|volume=140|pages=7β16|url-access=subscription}}</ref> HFC atmospheric concentrations and contribution to [[Human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] [[greenhouse gas emissions]] are rapidly increasing β consumption rose from near zero in 1990 to 1.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2010<ref>{{Citation |last=Toit |first=Louise du |title=Strengthening the Global Regulation of Hydrofluorocarbons under the Montreal Protocol |date=2023-12-01 |work=Reducing Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants |pages=90β124 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004684089/BP000006.xml |access-date=2024-04-30 |publisher=Brill Nijhoff |language=en |doi=10.1163/9789004684089_006 |isbn=978-90-04-68408-9}}</ref> β causing international concern about their [[radiative forcing]].
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