Editing Hyperphosphatemia (section)

{{Short description|Excess phosphate in the blood}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{distinguish|text=[[hypophosphatemia]] (low phosphate levels in the blood)}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Hyperphosphatemia
| synonyms        =
| image           = Phosphate Group.svg
| caption         = Phosphate group chemical structure
| pronounce       =
| field           = [[Endocrinology]], [[nephrology]]
| symptoms        = None, calcium deposits, muscle spasms<ref name=Mer2018/>
| complications   = [[Low blood calcium]]<ref name=Mer2018/>
| onset           =
| duration        =
| types           =
| causes          = [[Kidney failure]], [[pseudohypoparathyroidism]], [[hypoparathyroidism]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[tumor lysis syndrome]], [[rhabdomyolysis]]<ref name=Mer2018/>
| risks           =
| diagnosis       = Blood phosphate > 1.46&nbsp;mmol/L (4.5&nbsp;mg/dL)<ref name=Mer2018/>
| differential    = [[dyslipidemia|High blood lipids]], [[hyperproteinemia|high blood protein]], [[hyperbilirubinemia|high blood bilirubin]]<ref name=Mer2018/>
| prevention      =
| treatment       = Decreasing intake, [[calcium carbonate]]<ref name=Mer2018/>
| medication      =
| prognosis       =
| frequency       = Unclear<ref name=Ron2008/>
| deaths          =
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Hyperphosphatemia''' is an [[electrolyte disorder]] in which there is an elevated level of [[phosphate]] in the [[blood]].<ref name=Mer2018/> Most people have no symptoms while others develop [[ectopic calcification|calcium deposits]] in the soft tissue.<ref name=Mer2018/> The disorder is often accompanied by [[low calcium]] blood levels, which can result in muscle spasms.<ref name=Mer2018>{{cite web |title=Hyperphosphatemia |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-disorders/hyperphosphatemia |website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition |access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref>

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
Causes include [[kidney failure]], [[pseudohypoparathyroidism]], [[hypoparathyroidism]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[tumor lysis syndrome]], and [[rhabdomyolysis]].<ref name=Mer2018/> Diagnosis is generally based on a blood phosphate level exceeding 1.46&nbsp;mmol/L (4.5&nbsp;mg/dL).<ref name=Mer2018/>  Levels may appear falsely elevated with [[dyslipidemia|high blood lipid levels]], [[hyperproteinemia|high blood protein levels]], or [[hyperbilirubinemia|high blood bilirubin levels]].<ref name=Mer2018/>

<!-- Treatment and epidemiology -->
Treatment may include a phosphate low diet and [[antacids]] like [[calcium carbonate]] that bind phosphate.<ref name=Mer2018/> Occasionally, intravenous [[normal saline]] or [[kidney dialysis]] may be used.<ref name=Mer2018/> How commonly it occurs is unclear.<ref name=Ron2008>{{cite book |last1=Ronco |first1=Claudio |last2=Bellomo |first2=Rinaldo |last3=Kellum |first3=John A. |title=SPEC - Critical Care Nephrology Expert Consult (Book Program) Pincard |date=2008 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-1437711110 |page=533 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdgvSwnlgRgC&pg=PA533 |language=en}}</ref>