Editing IBM 701 (section)

{{Short description|Vacuum-tube computer system}}
{{Distinguish|IBM ThinkPad 701}}
{{Infobox computing device
| name = IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine
| aka = Defense Calculator
| logo = 
| logo caption = 
| image = IBM 701console.jpg
| caption = IBM 701 operator's console
| developer = [[Jerrier A. Haddad|Jerrier Haddad]]<br />[[Nathaniel Rochester (computer scientist)|Nathaniel Rochester]]
| manufacturer = [[IBM]]
| type = 
| generation = 
| release date = {{Start date and age|1952}}
| baseprice = $12,000 a month rental charge / $15,000 a month per 40-hour shift
| units shipped = 19
| os = 
| cpu = 
| CPUspeed = 
| memory = Total memory of 2048 [[Word (data type)|words]] of 36 bits each
| RAMtype = 72 [[Williams tube]]s with a capacity of 1024 [[bit]]s each
| memory card = 
| weight = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = [[IBM 704]]
}}

The '''IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine''', known as the '''Defense Calculator''' while in development, was [[IBM]]’s first commercial scientific computer and its first series production [[mainframe computer]], which was announced to the public on May 21, 1952.<ref>{{cite web|title=IBM 701 Electronic analytical control unit|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/701/701_1415bx01.html|access-date=30 July 2022|website=IBM|date=23 January 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521145746/https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/701/701_1415bx01.html|archive-date=21 May 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was designed and developed by [[Jerrier A. Haddad|Jerrier Haddad]] and [[Nathaniel Rochester (computer scientist)|Nathaniel Rochester]] and was based on the [[IAS machine]] at [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]].<ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US3197624A/en?oq=US3197624A Electronic data processing machine] Patent US3197624A filed in 1954, granted in 1965, Jerrier Haddad, Richard K Richards, Rochester Nathaniel, Jr Harold D Ross</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Turing's Cathedral |first=George |last=Dyson |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4000-7599-7 |pages=267–268, 287|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing }}</ref><ref name="pichler">{{Cite book|last=Pichler|first=Franz|date=25 January 2018|title=Computer Aided Systems Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxxJDwAAQBAJ&dq=IBM+650+jerrier+haddad&pg=PA60|page=60|publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319747187}}</ref>

The IBM 701 was the first computer in the [[IBM 700/7000 series]], which were IBM’s high-end computers until the arrival of the [[IBM System/360]] in 1964.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The IBM 700 Series: Computing Comes to Business|url=https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/ibm700series/transform/|access-date=30 July 2022|website=IBM.com|date=7 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118033457/https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/ibm700series/transform/|archive-date=18 January 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The business-oriented sibling of the 701 was the [[IBM 702]] and a lower-cost general-purpose sibling was the [[IBM 650]], which gained fame as the first mass-produced computer.<ref name="pichler"/><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Calculator|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/650.html|access-date=30 July 2022|website=Columbia.edu}}</ref>