Editing Immaculate Conception (section)

{{Short description|Teaching that Mary was conceived free from original sin}}
{{About|the doctrine that Mary was conceived free from original sin|the conception of Jesus|Virgin birth of Jesus|other uses}}
{{Redirect-several|Immacolata|Immaculata|Immaculate|Mary Immaculate}}
{{distinguish|Immaculate Reception}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox saint
|name         = Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
|feast_day    = December 8 ([[Latin liturgical rites]])<br />December 9 ([[Byzantine Rite]])<br>August 13 ([[Alexandrian Rite]])
|venerated_in = [[Catholic Church]]<br>[[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]<br>[[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]
|image        = Inmaculada Concepción (Tiepolo).jpg
|imagesize    = 250px
|caption      = ''[[The Immaculate Conception (Tiepolo)|The Immaculate Conception]]'' (1767–1769)<br />by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]]
| major_shrine = [[Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception]]
|attributes   = {{flatlist|
* Crescent moon
* halo of twelve stars
* blue robe
* [[putti]]
* serpent underfoot
* [[Assumption of Mary|Assumption into heaven]]
}}
|patronage    = See [[Patronages of the Immaculate Conception]]
}}
{{Catholic marian prayers sidebar}}

The '''Immaculate Conception''' is the [[doctrine]] that the [[Virgin Mary]] was free of [[original sin]] from the moment of her conception.{{sfn|Tinsley|2005|p=286}} It is one of the four [[Mariology|Marian]] dogmas of the Catholic Church.{{sfn|Collinge|2012|p=133}} Debated by [[medieval]] theologians, it was not defined as a [[Dogma in the Catholic Church|dogma]] until 1854,{{sfn|Wright|1992|p=237}} by [[Pope Pius IX]] in the [[papal bull]] ''[[Ineffabilis Deus]]''.{{sfn|Collinge|2012|p=209}} While the Immaculate Conception asserts Mary's freedom from original sin, the [[Council of Trent]], held between 1545 and 1563, had previously affirmed her freedom from [[Catholic hamartiology|personal sin]].{{sfn|Fastiggi|2019|p=455}}

The Immaculate Conception became a popular subject in literature,{{sfn|Twomey|2008|p=ix}} but its abstract nature meant it was late in appearing as a subject in works of art.{{sfn|Hall|2018|p=337}} The [[iconography]] of '''Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception''' shows Mary standing, with arms outstretched or hands clasped in prayer. The feast day of the Immaculate Conception is December 8.{{sfn|Barrely|2014|p=40}}

Many [[Protestant]] churches rejected the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception as unscriptural,{{sfn|Herringer|2019|p=507}} though some [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]] accept it as a [[Anglican Marian theology|pious devotion]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Immaculate Conception|title=An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church, A User Friendly Reference for Episcopalians|url=https://www.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/immaculate-conception/|via=[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]]|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> The teaching on the Immaculate Conception among [[Oriental Orthodoxy]] varies: [[Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria|Shenouda III]], [[Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.suscopts.org/messages/lectures/marilecture1.pdf|title=Lecture I: St. Mary's Perpetual Virginity & Immaculate Conception|publisher=[[Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States|Diocese of the Southern United States]]|author1=[[Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria|Shenouda III]]|last2=Malaty |first2=Tadros|access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref> and the [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East|Patriarch]] [[Ignatius Zakka I]] of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://syrianorthodoxchurch.org/2010/02/the-holy-virgin-mary-in-the-syrian-orthodox-church/|title=The Holy Virgin Mary in the Syrian Orthodox Church|publisher=Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch, Archdiocese for the Eastern United States|author1=[[Ignatius Zakka I]]|last2=Ghattas |first2=Sandy|access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref> opposed the teaching, while the [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] and [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] accept it.<ref name=Eritrean/>{{sfn|Tinsley|2005|p=286}}