Editing Implosive consonant (section)

{{Short description|Group of stop constants involving both ingressive and egressive mechanisms}}
{{IPA non-pulmonic consonants|ejectives=no|clicks=no|audio=yes|class=floatright}}
{{IPA notice}}
'''Implosive consonants''' are a group of [[stop consonant]]s (and possibly also some [[affricate]]s) with a mixed [[glottalic ingressive]] and [[pulmonic egressive]] [[airstream mechanism]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Ball |first1=Martin J. |last2=Müller |first2=Nicole |date=2014-02-04 |title=Phonetics for Communication Disorders |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315805573 |doi=10.4324/9781315805573|isbn=978-1-315-80557-3 }}</ref> That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the [[glottis]] downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs. Therefore, unlike the purely glottalic [[ejective consonant]]s, implosives can be modified by [[phonation]]. Contrastive implosives are found in approximately 13%<ref>Maddieson, Ian. 2008.  [http://wals.info/feature/7  Glottalized Consonants].  In: Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) ''The World Atlas of Language Structures Online''.  Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 7. Accessed on 2008-03-28 via Wals info.</ref> of the world's languages.

In the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], implosives are indicated by modifying the top of a letter (voiced stop) with a rightward-facing hook: {{angbr IPA|ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ}}.