Editing Impression management (section)

{{short description|Process to attempt to influence perceptions}}
'''Impression management''' is a conscious or [[subconscious]] process in which people attempt to [[Social influence|influence]] the [[perception]]s of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in [[Social relation|social interaction]].<ref name="Sanaria">Sanaria, A. D. (2016). A conceptual framework for understanding the impression management strategies used by women in indian organizations. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 3(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093716631118 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299373178_A_Conceptual_Framework_for_Understanding_the_Impression_Management_Strategies_Used_by_Women_in_Indian_Organizations</ref> It was first conceptualized by [[Erving Goffman]] in 1956 in ''[[The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life]],'' and then was expanded upon in 1967.

Impression management behaviors include accounts (providing "explanations for a negative event to escape disapproval"), excuses (denying "responsibility for negative outcomes"), and opinion conformity ("speak(ing) or behav(ing) in ways consistent with the target"), along with many others.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bolino|first1=Mark C.|last2=Kacmar|first2=K. Michele|last3=Turnley|first3=William H.|last4=Gilstrap|first4=J. Bruce|date=December 2008|title=A Multi-Level Review of Impression Management Motives and Behaviors|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0149206308324325|journal=Journal of Management|language=en|volume=34|issue=6|pages=1080–1109|doi=10.1177/0149206308324325|s2cid=145569166|issn=0149-2063|url-access=subscription}}</ref> By utilizing such behaviors, those who partake in impression management are able to control others' perception of them or events pertaining to them. Impression management is possible in nearly any situation, such as in sports (wearing flashy clothes or trying to impress fans with their skills), or on social media (only sharing positive posts). Impression management can be used with either benevolent or malicious intent.

Impression management is usually used synonymously with [[Self-concept|self]]-presentation, in which a person tries to influence the perception of their [[Self-image|image]]. The notion of impression management was first applied to [[face-to-face communication]], but then was expanded to apply to [[computer-mediated communication]]. The concept of impression management is applicable to academic fields of study such as [[psychology]] and [[sociology]] as well as practical fields such as [[corporate communication]] and [[Media (communication)|media]].