Editing In vitro fertilisation (section)

{{Short description|Assisted reproductive technology procedure}}
{{redirect-multi|3|IVF|test tube baby|artificial fertilisation|other uses|IVF (disambiguation)|other reproduction topics|artificial insemination|farming|synthetic fertilizer}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
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* This article was started with British spelling and therefore should remain at British spelling according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#National_varieties_of_English. Therefore, do not change "fertilisation" to "fertilization", "programme" to "program", et cetera. The -ize ending is also a correct British spelling, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, but the article was started using the suffix -ise and for consistency, -ise should also be used in the main text 
* "In vitro" is a common phrase in English and shouldn't be italicised. See [[MOS:FOREIGN]].-->
{{Infobox medical intervention
|Name=In vitro fertilisation
|image=InVitroFertilization.jpg
|caption=This image shows [[intracytoplasmic sperm injection]], the most commonly used IVF technique.
|ICD10=8E0ZXY1
|Speciality=[[Endocrinology]], [[gynecology]]
}}

'''In vitro fertilisation''' ('''IVF''') is a process of [[fertilisation]] in which an [[ovum|egg]] is combined with [[spermatozoon|sperm]] [[in vitro]] ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating the [[Ovulation cycle|ovulatory process]], then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the [[ovary|ovaries]] and enabling sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory. After a fertilised egg ([[zygote]]) undergoes [[embryo culture]] for 2–6 days, it is [[Embryo transfer|transferred]] by [[catheter]] into the [[uterus]], with the intention of establishing a successful [[pregnancy]].

IVF is a type of [[assisted reproductive technology]] used to treat [[infertility]], enable [[gestational surrogacy]], and, in combination with [[pre-implantation genetic testing]], avoid the transmission of abnormal genetic conditions. When a fertilised egg from egg and sperm donors [[Implantation (embryology)|implants]] in the uterus of a genetically unrelated surrogate, the resulting child is also genetically unrelated to the surrogate. Some countries have banned or otherwise regulated the availability of IVF treatment, giving rise to [[fertility tourism]]. Financial cost and age may also restrict the availability of IVF as a means of carrying a healthy pregnancy to term.

In July 1978, [[Louise Brown]] was the first child successfully born after her mother received IVF treatment.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 July 2018|title=Louise Brown: World's first IVF baby's family archive unveiled|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-44940929|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> Brown was born as a result of natural-cycle IVF, where no stimulation was made. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital in [[Royton]], Oldham, England. [[Robert Edwards (physiologist)|Robert Edwards]], surviving member of the development team, was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 2010.<ref name="Moreton">{{cite news | title = World's first test-tube baby Louise Brown has a child of her own | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/worlds-first-testtube-baby-louise-brown-has-a-child-of-her-own-432080.html | newspaper = Independent | access-date = 21 May 2010 | quote = The 28-year-old, whose pioneering conception by in-vitro fertilisation made her famous around the world. The fertility specialists Patrick Steptoe and [[Robert Geoffrey Edwards|Bob Edwards]] became the first to successfully carry out IVF by extracting an egg, impregnating it with sperm and planting the resulting embryo back into the mother | location=London | vauthors = Moreton C | date=14 January 2007}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gosden R | title = Jean Marian Purdy remembered – the hidden life of an IVF pioneer | journal = Human Fertility | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = 86–89 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 28881151 | doi = 10.1080/14647273.2017.1351042 | s2cid = 5045457 }}</ref>

When assisted by [[egg donation]] and IVF, many women who have reached [[menopause]], have infertile partners, or have idiopathic female-fertility issues, can still become pregnant. After the IVF treatment, some couples get pregnant without any fertility treatments.<ref name="reuters.com">{{Cite news|title = After IVF, some couples get pregnant without help|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-after-ivf-pregnant-idUSBRE84212L20120503|newspaper = Reuters|date = 3 May 2012|access-date = 5 November 2015}}</ref> In 2023, it was estimated that twelve million children had been born worldwide using IVF and other assisted reproduction techniques.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=eClinicalMedicine |date=November 2023 |title=The current status of IVF: are we putting the needs of the individual first? |journal=eClinicalMedicine |language=en |volume=65 |pages=102343 |doi=10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102343|pmid=38106562 |pmc=10725012 }}</ref> A 2019 study that evaluated the use of 10 adjuncts with IVF (screening hysteroscopy, DHEA, testosterone, GH, aspirin, heparin, antioxidants, seminal plasma and PRP) suggested that (with the exception of hysteroscopy) these adjuncts should be avoided until there is more evidence to show that they are safe and effective.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kamath MS, Mascarenhas M, Franik S, Liu E, Sunkara SK | title = Clinical adjuncts in in vitro fertilization: a growing list | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 112 | issue = 6 | pages = 978–986 | date = December 2019 | pmid = 31703943 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.019 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

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