Editing Independent Subway System (section)

{{short description|Defunct subway operator in New York City}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width                       = 
| name                            = Independent Subway System
| color                           = 
| logo                            = 
| logo_width                      = 
| image                           = 
| image_width                     = 
| caption                         = 
| type                            = 
| system                          = 
| status                          = Incorporated into the [[New York City Subway]]
| locale                          = 
| start                           = 
| end                             = 
| stations                        = 
| routes                          = 
| open                            = {{start date and age|1932}}
| close                           = {{end date and age|1940}}<br/><small>(acquisition by the [[New York City Board of Transportation|NYC Board of Transportation]])</small>
| owner                           = [[New York City|City of New York]]
| operator                        = [[New York City Transit Authority]]
| character                       = 
| depot                           = [[Concourse Yard]], [[Jamaica Yard]], [[Pitkin Yard]], [[207th Street Yard]]
| stock                           = [[R46 (New York City Subway car)|R46]], [[R68 (New York City Subway car)|R68]], [[R68A (New York City Subway car)|R68A]], [[R160 (New York City Subway car)|R160]], [[R179 (New York City Subway car)|R179]], [[R211 (New York City Subway car)|R211]]
| linelength                      = 
| tracklength                     = 
| gauge                           = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| minradius                       = 
| speed                           = 
| elevation                       = 
| map                             = [[File:IND timeline.png|thumb|center|250px|The sections of the IND and the date each was opened.]]
| map_state                       = collapsed
}}
The '''Independent Subway System''' ('''IND'''; formerly the '''ISS'''{{efn|The Independent Subway System mostly uses the IND initialism. The ISS initialism was primarily used prior to unification of the New York City Subway in 1940.<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>}}) was a [[rapid transit]] rail system in [[New York City]] that is now part of the [[New York City Subway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/30/nyregion/about-new-york-alphabet-soup-telling-an-irt-from-a-bmt.html|title=About New York; Alphabet Soup: Telling an IRT From a BMT|date=June 30, 1990|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref> It was first constructed as the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line|Eighth Avenue Line]] in [[Manhattan]] in 1932.<ref name="chambers"/> It was originally also known as the '''Independent City-Owned Subway System''' ('''ICOSS''') or the '''Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad''' ('''ICORTR''').<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>

One of three subway networks that became part of the modern New York City Subway, the IND was intended to be fully owned and operated by the municipal government, in contrast to the privately operated or jointly funded [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company]] (IRT) and [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation]] (BMT) companies. It was merged with these two networks when the subway system was [[History of the New York City Subway#Unification|unified in 1940]].<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>

The original IND services are the modern subway's [[A (New York City Subway service)|A]], [[C (New York City Subway service)|C]], [[E (New York City Subway service)|E]], [[F (New York City Subway service)|F]], and [[G (New York City Subway service)|G]] services, as well as the portions of the [[B (New York City Subway service)|B]] and [[D (New York City Subway service)|D]] services that are not in Brooklyn. In addition, the BMT's [[M (New York City Subway service)|M]] and [[R (New York City Subway service)|R]] use trackage that was originally built for the IND, while the [[Q (New York City Subway service)|Q]] uses the [[Second Avenue Subway|IND Second Avenue Line]], which was built after the unification of the three systems. The [[Rockaway Park Shuttle]] supplements the [[A (New York City Subway service)|A]] service. For operational purposes, the IND and BMT lines and services are referred to jointly as the [[B Division (New York City Subway)|B Division]].<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>