Editing Indigestion (section)

{{short description|Upset stomach}}
{{redirect|Dyspepsia|the Negativland album|Dispepsi}}
{{Infobox medical condition
| name            =
| synonyms        = Dyspepsia
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| field            = [[Gastroenterology]]
| symptoms        = Upper abdominal pain<ref name=Eu2019/>
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| frequency       = Common<ref name=Eu2019/>
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'''Indigestion''', also known as '''dyspepsia''' or '''upset stomach''', is a condition of impaired [[digestion]].<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000033170|dyspepsia}}</ref> Symptoms may include upper [[bloating|abdominal fullness]], [[heartburn]], [[nausea]], [[belching]], or upper [[abdominal pain]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Duvnjak|first1=Marko|title=Dyspepsia in clinical practice|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9781441917300|page=2|edition=1. Aufl.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGpATfS5-T8C&pg=PA2}}</ref> People may also experience [[Satiety|feeling full]] earlier than expected when eating.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Talley NJ, Vakil N |title=Guidelines for the management of dyspepsia |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=100 |issue=10 |pages=2324–37 |date=October 2005 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00225.x |pmid=16181387 |s2cid=16499689 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Indigestion is relatively common, affecting 20% of people at some point during their life, and is frequently caused by [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD) or [[gastritis]].<ref name="Eu2019">{{cite journal|last1=Eusebi|first1=Leonardo H|last2=Black|first2=Christopher J|last3=Howden|first3=Colin W|last4=Ford|first4=Alexander C|date=11 December 2019|title=Effectiveness of management strategies for uninvestigated dyspepsia: systematic review and network meta-analysis|journal=BMJ|volume=367|pages=l6483|doi=10.1136/bmj.l6483|pmc=7190054|pmid=31826881|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Overview">{{cite journal|last1=Zajac|first1=P|last2=Holbrook|first2=A|last3=Super|first3=ME|last4=Vogt|first4=M |title=An overview: Current clinical guidelines for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and management of dyspepsia|journal=Osteopathic Family Physician |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=79–85 |date=March–April 2013 |doi=10.1016/j.osfp.2012.10.005}}</ref>

Indigestion is subcategorized as either "organic" or "[[functional dyspepsia]]", but making the diagnosis can prove challenging for physicians.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/925478002|title=Current diagnosis & treatment. Gastroenterology, hepatology, and endoscopy|date=2016|last1=Greenberger|first1=Norton|last2=Blumberg|first2=R.S.|last3=Burakoff|first3=Robert|isbn=978-1-259-25097-2|edition=3|location=New York|oclc=925478002}}</ref> '''Organic indigestion''' is the result of an underlying disease, such as [[gastritis]], [[peptic ulcer disease]] (an ulcer of the stomach or [[duodenum]]), or [[cancer]].<ref name=":0" /> Functional indigestion (previously called non-ulcer dyspepsia)<ref name="Saad&Chey2006">{{cite journal|vauthors=Saad RJ, Chey WD|date=August 2006|title=Review article: current and emerging therapies for functional dyspepsia|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74835/1/j.1365-2036.2006.03005.x.pdf|journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.|volume=24|issue=3|pages=475–92|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03005.x|pmid=16886913|doi-access=free|hdl=2027.42/74835}}</ref> is indigestion without evidence of underlying disease.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=van Kerkhoven LA, van Rossum LG, van Oijen MG, Tan AC, Laheij RJ, Jansen JB|date=September 2006|title=Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy does not reassure people with functional dyspepsia|url=http://www.researchcore.org/publications/docs/endo_vankerkhoven_reassurence.pdf|journal=Endoscopy|volume=38|issue=9|pages=879–85|doi=10.1055/s-2006-944661|pmid=16981103|s2cid=260135014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727213028/http://www.researchcore.org/publications/docs/endo_vankerkhoven_reassurence.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-27}}</ref> Functional indigestion is estimated to affect about 15% of the general population in western countries and accounts for a majority of dyspepsia cases.<ref name="Saad&Chey2006" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Ford|first1=Alexander C.|last2=Mahadeva|first2=Sanjiv|last3=Carbone|first3=M. Florencia|last4=Lacy|first4=Brian E.|last5=Talley|first5=Nicholas J.|date=2020-11-21|title=Functional dyspepsia|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30469-4/abstract|journal=The Lancet|language=English|volume=396|issue=10263|pages=1689–1702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30469-4|issn=0140-6736|pmid=33049222|s2cid=222254300}}</ref>

In patients who are 60 or older, or who have worrisome symptoms such as trouble swallowing, weight loss, or blood loss, an [[endoscopy]] (a procedure whereby a camera attached to a flexible tube is inserted down the throat and into the stomach) is recommended to further assess and find a potential cause.<ref name=Eu2019/> In patients younger than 60 years of age, testing for the bacteria ''[[Helicobacter pylori|H. pylori]]'' and if positive, treatment of the infection is recommended.<ref name=Eu2019/>