Editing Instructional design (section)

{{short description|Process for design and development of learning resources}}
'''Instructional design''' ('''ID'''), also known as '''instructional systems design''' and originally known as '''instructional systems development''' ('''ISD'''), is the practice of systematically designing, developing and delivering [[instructional materials]] and experiences, both digital and physical, in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging and inspiring acquisition of knowledge.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Merrill |first1=M. D. |last2=Drake |first2=L. |last3=Lacy |first3=M. J. |last4=Pratt |first4=J. |year=1996 |title=Reclaiming instructional design |url=http://mdavidmerrill.com/Papers/Reclaiming.PDF |journal=Educational Technology |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=5–7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001242/http://mdavidmerrill.com/Papers/Reclaiming.PDF |archive-date=2012-04-26 |access-date=2011-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wagner|first=Ellen|date=2011|title=Essay: In Search of the Secret Handshakes of ID|url=https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/c9b0ce_4c5d961291de41e58e08576d3c9ee868.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/c9b0ce_4c5d961291de41e58e08576d3c9ee868.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|journal=The Journal of Applied Instructional Design|volume=1|issue=1|pages=33–37}}</ref> The process consists broadly of determining the state and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating some "intervention" to assist in the transition. The outcome of this instruction may be directly observable and scientifically measured or completely hidden and assumed.<ref>Ed Forest: [http://educationaltechnology.net/instructional-design/ Instructional Design] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220091647/http://educationaltechnology.net/instructional-design/ |date=2016-12-20 }}, Educational Technology</ref> There are many instructional design models, but many are based on the [[ADDIE model]] with the five phases: analysis, design, development, [[implementation]], and [[evaluation]].