Editing Intellectual giftedness (section)

{{short description|Intellectual ability significantly higher than average}}
{{redirect|Gifted}}
'''Intellectual giftedness''' is an [[intelligence|intellectual ability]] significantly higher than average and is also known as '''high potential'''. It is a characteristic of children, variously defined, that motivates differences in school programming. It is thought to persist as a trait into adult life, with various consequences studied in [[longitudinal studies]] of giftedness over the last century. These consequences sometimes include stigmatizing and [[social exclusion]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sengifted.org/post/silverman-moralsensitivity |title=The Moral Sensitivity of Gifted Children and the Evolution of Society |website=sengifted.org |date=2019-01-12 |access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hj.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:807759/FULLTEXT02.pdf |title=UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF HUMAN NATURE AND GIFTED IDENTITY |website=diva-portal.org |access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Stigma of Excellence and the Dialectic of (Perceived) Superiority and Inferiority: Exploring Intellectually Gifted Adolescents' Experiences of Stigma |journal=Communication Studies |volume=65 |date=2014 |issue=2 |doi=10.1080/10510974.2013.851726 |last1=Striley |first1=Katie Margavio |pages=139–153 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321756596 |title=Children Above 180 IQ Stanford-Binet: A Seventy-Five Year Follow-Up |journal=Journal of Genius and Eminence |date=March 2017 |doi=10.18536/jge.2017.04.02.01.08 |access-date=2024-11-28 |last1=Wigtil |first1=Clifton |last2=White |first2=Willard |volume=2 |pages=77–91 }}</ref> There is no generally agreed definition of giftedness for either children or adults, but most school placement decisions and most longitudinal studies over the course of individual lives have followed people with [[Intelligence quotient|IQ]]s in the top 2.5 percent of the [[population]]—that is, IQs [[IQ classification#Giftedness|above 130]]. Definitions of giftedness also vary across cultures.

The various definitions of intellectual giftedness include either general high ability or specific abilities. For example, by some definitions, an intellectually gifted person may have a striking [[Talent (skill)|talent]] for [[mathematics]] without equally strong language skills. In particular, the relationship between artistic ability or musical ability and the high academic ability usually associated with high IQ scores is still being explored, with some authors referring to all of those forms of high ability as "giftedness", while other authors distinguish "giftedness" from "talent". There is still much controversy and much research on the topic of how adult performance unfolds from trait differences in childhood, and what educational and other supports best help the development of adult giftedness.