Editing Intelligent design movement (section)

{{short description|Neo-creationist religious campaign}}
{{Intelligent Design}}{{Update|date=April 2025|reason=Recent political developments, religious movements, and religious relations.}}
The '''intelligent design movement''' is a [[neo-creationist]] religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific<ref name="Boudry 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Boudry |first1=Maarten |author-link1=Maarten Boudry |last2=Blancke |first2=Stefaan |last3=Braeckman |first3=Johan |author-link3=Johan Braeckman |date=December 2010 |title=Irreducible Incoherence and Intelligent Design: A Look into the Conceptual Toolbox of a Pseudoscience |journal=[[The Quarterly Review of Biology]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=473–482 |doi=10.1086/656904 |pmid=21243965|url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/952482/file/6828579.pdf |hdl=1854/LU-952482 |s2cid=27218269 |hdl-access=free }} Article available from [https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/952482 Universiteit Gent]</ref> idea of [[intelligent design]] (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the [[universe]] and of [[life|living things]] are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as [[natural selection]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discovery.org/csc/topQuestions.php#questionsAboutIntelligentDesign |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=CSC - Top Questions: Questions About Intelligent Design: What is the theory of intelligent design? |website=[[Center for Science and Culture]] |publisher=[[Discovery Institute]] |location=Seattle, WA |access-date=2014-06-05}}</ref><ref>[[#Forrest & Gross 2004|Forrest & Gross 2004]], p. 7</ref><ref name="ForrestMay2007Paper">{{cite web|url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/uploads/attachments/intelligent-design.pdf |title=Understanding the Intelligent Design Creationist Movement: Its True Nature and Goals |last=Forrest |first=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Forrest |date=May 2007 |website=[[Center for Inquiry]] |publisher=Center for Inquiry |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2007-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519124655/http://www.centerforinquiry.net/uploads/attachments/intelligent-design.pdf |archive-date=2011-05-19 }}</ref> Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the [[lobbying]] of policymakers to include its teaching in [[high school]] [[science]] classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it.<ref name="wedge_strategy">{{cite web |url=http://www.antievolution.org/features/wedge.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422235718/http://www.antievolution.org/features/wedge.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 22, 2007 |title=The Wedge |year=1999 |publisher=[[Center for Science and Culture|Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture]] |location=Seattle, WA |access-date=2014-05-29}}</ref><ref name="Forrest_2001">[[#Pennock 2001|Forrest 2001]], [http://infidels.org/library/modern/barbara_forrest/wedge.html "The Wedge at Work: How Intelligent Design Creationism Is Wedging Its Way into the Cultural and Academic Mainstream"]</ref> The movement arose out of the [[creation science]] movement in the United States,<ref>{{cite court|litigants=Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District|vol=04|reporter=cv|opinion=2688|date=December 20, 2005}} [[s:Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District/2:Context#Page 18 of 139|Context, pp. 18–31]]. [p. 18] "An Objective Observer Would Know that ID and Teaching About 'Gaps' and 'Problems' in Evolutionary Theory are Creationist, Religious Strategies that Evolved from Earlier Forms of Creationism" [p. 24] "The concept of intelligent design (hereinafter 'ID'), in its current form, came into existence after the Edwards case was decided in 1987. For the reasons that follow, we conclude that the religious nature of ID would be readily apparent to an objective observer, adult or child." [p. 31] "...we find that ID's religious nature would be further evident to our objective observer because it directly involves a supernatural designer. ... A 'hypothetical reasonable observer,' adult or child, who is 'aware of the history and context of the community and forum' is also presumed to know that ID is a form of creationism.... The evidence at trial demonstrates that ID is nothing less than the progeny of creationism."</ref> and is driven by a small group of proponents.<ref name="DI engine">{{cite web |url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dover/day6pm.html |title=Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Trial transcript: Day 6 (October 5), PM Session, Part 1 |website=[[TalkOrigins Archive]] |publisher=The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. |location=Houston, TX |access-date=2007-07-19 |quote=Q. Has the Discovery Institute been a leader in the intelligent design movement? A. Yes, the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. Q. And are almost all of the individuals who are involved with the intelligent design movement associated with the Discovery Institute? A. All of the leaders are, yes.}} — Barbara Forrest, 2005, testifying in the ''Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District'' trial.
* {{cite news |last=Wilgoren |first=Jodi |date=August 21, 2005 |title=Politicized Scholars Put Evolution on the Defensive |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/21/national/21evolve.html?pagewanted=all |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2014-05-29 |quote=...the institute's Center for Science and Culture has emerged in recent months as the ideological and strategic backbone behind the eruption of skirmishes over science in school districts and state capitals across the country. |ref=Wilgoren 2005}}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.aclu.org/religion-belief/frequently-asked-questions-about-intelligent-design |title=Frequently Asked Questions About 'Intelligent Design' |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=September 16, 2005 |website=[[American Civil Liberties Union]] |publisher=American Civil Liberties Union |location=New York |at=Who is behind the ID movement? |access-date=2014-05-29}}
*{{cite news |last=Kahn |first=Joseph P. |date=July 27, 2005 |title=The evolution of George Gilder |url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2005/07/27/the_evolution_of_george_gilder/?page=full |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |location=New York |publisher=[[The New York Times Company]] |access-date=2015-05-25}}
*{{cite journal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=November 2005 |title=WHO's WHO: Intelligent Design Proponents |url=http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDB-download.php?command=download&id=602 |format=PDF |journal=[[Science & Theology News]] |location=Durham, NC |publisher=Science & Theology News, Inc. |issn=1530-6410 |access-date=2007-07-20}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Attie |first1=Alan D. |last2=Sober |first2=Elliott |author-link2=Elliott Sober |last3=Numbers |first3=Ronald L. |author-link3=Ronald Numbers |last4=Amasino |first4=Richard M. |author-link4=Richard Amasino |last5=Cox |first5=Beth |last6=Berceau |first6=Terese |author-link6=Terese Berceau |last7=Powell |first7=Thomas |last8=Cox |first8=Michael M. |date=May 1, 2006 |title=Defending science education against intelligent design: a call to action |url= |journal=[[Journal of Clinical Investigation]] |location=Ann Arbor, MI |publisher=[[American Society for Clinical Investigation]] |volume=116 |issue=5 |pages=1134–1138 |doi=10.1172/JCI28449 |issn=0021-9738 |pmid=16670753 |pmc=1451210 |quote=The engine behind the ID movement is the Discovery Institute. |ref=Attie, et al. 2006}}</ref><ref name="aaas_pr">{{cite web |url=http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/03_Areas/evolution/issues/peerreview.shtml |title=Intelligent Design and Peer Review |website=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405203126/http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/03_Areas/evolution/issues/peerreview.shtml |archive-date=2008-04-05 |access-date=2013-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] explains that ID cannot be empirically tested and that it fails to solve the [[problem of evil]]; thus, it is neither sound science nor sound theology.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{cite web | first=Francisco Jose | last=Ayala | title=evolution - Intelligent design and its critics | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | url=https://www.britannica.com/science/evolution-scientific-theory/Intelligent-design-and-its-critics | date=27 May 2021 | access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref>